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GERME TEKNİKLERİNİN ANAEROBİK PERFORMANSA AKUT ETKİLERİ

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 60 - 70, 14.10.2018

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı statik ve PNF germe tekniklerinin maksimum
anaerobik güç, kapasite ve yorgunluk indeksine akut etkilerini incelemektir.
Çalışmaya aktif spor
yapan 15 erkek sporcu
[(ort±SS)
yaş: 20,20±2,75yıl; boy: 176,25±7,46cm; vücut ağırlığı:69,23±5,38kg; vücut yağ
yüzdesi: %12,22±2,60]
gönüllü olarak
katılmıştır. Sporcular rastgele çapraz deney desenine göre statik germe (SG),
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation germe (PNF) ve kontrol (germe
egzersizi yapılmadan bazal) denemelerine ikişer gün arayla katılmışlardır. SG
ve PNF egzersizleri beş dakika standart ısınmayı takiben her iki bacakta hamstrings,
kuadriseps ve baldır kaslarına uygulanmıştır. Germe egzersizlerinden hemen
sonra anaerobik performansı belirlemek amacıyla Wingate 30sn anaerobik test
(WAnT) uygulanmıştır.
Maksimum Anaerobik Güç (MAG), Maksimum Anaerobik
Kapasite (MAK) ve Yorgunluk İndeksi (Yİ)
WAnT aracılığıyla belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde
tekrarlı ölçümlerde tek yönlü varyans analizi uygulanmıştır.
İstatistiksel analizlere göre MAG değerlerinde (F (2-28)=6,771; p=0,004)
denemeler arasında anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiş olup, ikili
karşılaştırmalarda

anlamlı farkın PNF (12.70±1,06 W/kg)
ile SG (12.07±1,15 W/kg)
denemeleri arasında, PNF lehine olduğu tespit edilmiştir. MAK (F(2-28)=
0,639, p=0,535) ve Yİ (F(2-28)=0,56, p=0,577) değerleri bakımından germe
denemeleri arasında anlamlı bir farka rastlanmamıştır.



Sonuç olarak, ısınmaya ek olarak yapılan SG uygulamalarının,
patlayıcı güç gerektiren aktivitelerde performansta düşüşe neden olduğu
bulunmuştur. PNF germe egzersizleri uygulandığında ise performans kaybının
olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara bağlı olarak kısa süreli patlayıcılık özelliğinin ön
planda olduğu sporlarda ısınma sonrasında germe egzersizlerine ihtiyaç
duyulduğunda, PNF türü
egzersizlere yer verilmesinin daha uygun
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

References

  • Amiri-Khorasani, M., Sahebozamani, M., Tabrizi, K.G., Yusof, A.B., (2010). Acute Effect of Different Stretching Methods on Illinois Agility Test in Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 24(10): 2698-2704.
  • Bacurau, R.F.P., Monteiro, G.A., Ugrinowitsch, C., Tricoli, V., Cabral, L.F., Aoki, M.S., (2009). Acute Effect of A Ballistic and A Static Stretching Exercise Bout on Flexibility and Maximal Strength. J Strength Cond Res. 23(1): 304-308.
  • Spernoga, S.G., Timothy, L.U., Brent, L.A and Gansnede, B.M., (2001). Duration of Maintained Hamstring Flexibility After a One-Time, Modified Hold-Relax Stretching Protocol. J Athl Train, 36(1): 44–48.
  • Zakas, A., (2005). The Effect Of Stretching Duration on The Lower-Extremity Flexibility of Adolescent Soccer Players. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 9(3): 220-225.
  • Kokkonen, J., Nelson, A.G., Cornwell, A., (1998). Acute Muscle Stretching Inhibits Maximal Strength Performance. Res Q Exerc Sports. 69(4): 411-415.
  • Evetovich, T.K., Nauman, N.J., Conley, D.S., Todd, J.B., (2003). Effect of Static Stretching of The Biceps Brachii on Torque, Electromyography, and Mechanomyography During Concentric Isokinetic Muscle Actions. J Strength Cond Res. 17(3): 484-488.
  • Cornwell, A., Nelson, A. G., & Sidaway, B., (2002). Acute Effects of Stretching on the Neuromechanical Properties of the Triceps Surae Muscle Complex. Eur J Appl Physiol. 86(5):428-434.
  • Behm, D.G., Bambury, A., Cahill, F., Power, K., (2004). Effect of Acute Static Stretching on Force, Balance, Reaction Time and Movement Time. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 36: 1397-1402.
  • Young, W and Behm, D., (2004). Effects of Running, Static Stretching and Practice Jumps on Explosive Force Production and Jumping Performance. J Sports Med and Phys Fitness. 43(1): 21-27.
  • Hough, P.A., Ross, E.Z., Howatson, G., (2009). Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance and Electromyographic Activity. J Strength Cond Res. 23(2): 507-512.
  • Pinto, M.D., Wilhelm, E.N., Tricoli, V., Pinto, R.S., Blazevich, A.J., (2014). Differential Effects of 30-vs. 60-second Static Muscle Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 28(12): 3440-3446.
  • Paradisis, G.P., Pappas, P.T., Theodorou, A.S., et al., (2014). Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Sprint and Jump Performance in Boys and Girls. J Strength Cond Res. 28(1): 154-160.
  • Nelson, A.G., Driscoll, N.M., Landin, D.K., Young, M.A., Schexnayder, I.C., (2005). Acute Effects of Passive Muscle Stretching on Sprint Performance. J Sports Sci. 23(5): 449-454.
  • Kistler, B.M., Walsh, M. S., Horn, T. S., & Cox, R. H., (2010). The Acute Effects of Static Stretching on the Sprint Performance of Collegiate Men in the 60-and 100-m Dash After a Dynamic Warm-up. J Strength Cond Res. 24 (9): 2280-2284.
  • Beydokhti, I.T., Haghshenas, R., (2014). Acute Effect Different Stretching Methods During Warm Ups on Agility and Power in Amateur handball Players. WJSS. 9 (1): 7-12.
  • Unick, J., Kieffer, H.S., Cheesman, W., Feeney, A., (2005). The Acute Effects of Static and Ballistic Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance in Trained Women. J Strength Cond Res. 19(1): 206-212.
  • Samson, M., Button, D.C., Chaouachi, A., Behm, D.G., (2012). Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching Within General and Activity Specific Warm-up Protocols. J Sports Sci Med. 11(2): 279-285.
  • O’Connor, D.M., Crowe, M.J., Spinks, W.L., (2006). Effects of Static Stretching on Leg Power During Cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 46(1): 52-56.
  • Pacheco, L., Balius R, Aliste L, et al., (2011). The Acute Effects of Different Stretching Exercises on Jump Performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 25: 2991-2998.
  • Bradley, P.S., Olsen, P.D., & Portas, M.D., (2007). The Effect of Static, Ballistic, and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 21(1): 223.
  • Church, J.B., Wiggins, M.S., Moode, F.M., & Crist, R., (2001). Effect Of Warm-Up and Flexibility Treatments on Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 15(3): 332-336. Christensen, B.K., & Nordstrom, B.J., (2008). The Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Dynamic Stretching Techniques on Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 22(6): 1826-1831.
  • Inbar, O., Bar-or O, Skinner, J.S., The Wingate Anaerobic Test, Human Kinetics, 1996.
  • Kamar, A., Sporda Yetenek Beceri ve Performans Testleri, Nobel yayın dağıtım, 2003.
  • Karli, U., Guvenc, A., Aslan, A., Hazir, T., & Acikada, C., (2007). Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise. J Sports Sci Med. 6(4): 490-497.
  • Watson, R.C. and Sargeant, T.L., (1986). Laboratory and on-Ice Test Comparisons of Anaerobic Power of Ice Hockey Players. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 11(4): 218-224.
  • Kocak, S. and Karli, U., (2003). Effects of High Dose Oral Creatine Supplementation on Anaerobic Capacity of Elite Wrestlers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 43(4): 488-492.
  • Van Ingen Schenau, G.J., Bakker, F.C., De Groot, G. and De Koning, J.J., (1992). Supramaximal Cycle Tests Do Not Detect Seasonal Progression in Performance in Groups of Elite Speed Skaters. Eur J Appl Physiol. 64(4): 292-297.
  • Bradley, K., (2014). The Effects of Different Warm-Up Methods on Anaerobic Power. Master's Theses. Human Performance and Health Education Western Michigan University, Michigan.
  • Faıgenbaum, A.D, Bellucci M, Bernierı A, Bakker B, Hoorens K., (2005). Acute Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols on Fitness Performance in Children. J Strength Cond Res. 19(2): 376–381.
  • Shelton, J., Kumar, G.V.P., (2009). Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Warm-up Exercise Regimes on Lower Limb Muscle Power. Health. 1(2):117-120.
  • Bafghi, A.F., Khorasani, M.A., (2012). Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching During Warm-up on Vertical Jump in Soccer Players. IJSS. 2(10): 484-488.
  • Avandi, S.M., Abadi, F.A., Far, A.E., (2015). Acute Effect of Different Warm-up Protocols on Anaerobic Power, 20- meters Sprint and Balanced Vault Performance in Female Gymnasts. IJSS. 5(4): 415-425.
  • Fletcher, I.M, Jones, B., (2004). The Effect of Different Warm-up Stretch Protocols on 20 Meter Sprint Performance In Trained Rugby Union Players. J Strength Cond Res. 18(4): 885–888.
  • Alikhajeh, Y., Ramezanpour, M.R., Moghaddam, A., (2011). The Effect of Different Warm-up Protocols on Young Soccer Players' Sprint. Procedia – Soc Behav Sci. 30: 1588 –1592.
  • Sayers, A.L., Farley, R.S., Fuller, D,K., Jubenville, C.B., Caputo, J.L., (2008). The Effect of Static Stretching on Phases of Sprint Performance in Elite Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 22(5): 1416-1421.
  • Winchester, J.B., Nelson, A.G., Kokkonen, J., (2009). A Single 30-s Stretch is Sufficient to Inhibit Maximal Voluntary Strength. Res Q Exerc Sport. 80(2): 257-261.
  • Franco, B.L., Signorelli, G.R., Trajano, G.S., Costa, P.B., Oliveira, C.G., (2012). Acute Effects of Three Different Stretching Protocols on the Wingate Test Performance. J Sports Sci Med. 11(1): 1-7.
  • Rucker, T.A., (2011). Dynamic Warm-Up Improves Mean Power Output Compared to a Warm-Up With Static Stretching. Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, Exercise Physiology-Research (Health Sciences and Professions), Ohio.
Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 60 - 70, 14.10.2018

Abstract

References

  • Amiri-Khorasani, M., Sahebozamani, M., Tabrizi, K.G., Yusof, A.B., (2010). Acute Effect of Different Stretching Methods on Illinois Agility Test in Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 24(10): 2698-2704.
  • Bacurau, R.F.P., Monteiro, G.A., Ugrinowitsch, C., Tricoli, V., Cabral, L.F., Aoki, M.S., (2009). Acute Effect of A Ballistic and A Static Stretching Exercise Bout on Flexibility and Maximal Strength. J Strength Cond Res. 23(1): 304-308.
  • Spernoga, S.G., Timothy, L.U., Brent, L.A and Gansnede, B.M., (2001). Duration of Maintained Hamstring Flexibility After a One-Time, Modified Hold-Relax Stretching Protocol. J Athl Train, 36(1): 44–48.
  • Zakas, A., (2005). The Effect Of Stretching Duration on The Lower-Extremity Flexibility of Adolescent Soccer Players. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 9(3): 220-225.
  • Kokkonen, J., Nelson, A.G., Cornwell, A., (1998). Acute Muscle Stretching Inhibits Maximal Strength Performance. Res Q Exerc Sports. 69(4): 411-415.
  • Evetovich, T.K., Nauman, N.J., Conley, D.S., Todd, J.B., (2003). Effect of Static Stretching of The Biceps Brachii on Torque, Electromyography, and Mechanomyography During Concentric Isokinetic Muscle Actions. J Strength Cond Res. 17(3): 484-488.
  • Cornwell, A., Nelson, A. G., & Sidaway, B., (2002). Acute Effects of Stretching on the Neuromechanical Properties of the Triceps Surae Muscle Complex. Eur J Appl Physiol. 86(5):428-434.
  • Behm, D.G., Bambury, A., Cahill, F., Power, K., (2004). Effect of Acute Static Stretching on Force, Balance, Reaction Time and Movement Time. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 36: 1397-1402.
  • Young, W and Behm, D., (2004). Effects of Running, Static Stretching and Practice Jumps on Explosive Force Production and Jumping Performance. J Sports Med and Phys Fitness. 43(1): 21-27.
  • Hough, P.A., Ross, E.Z., Howatson, G., (2009). Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance and Electromyographic Activity. J Strength Cond Res. 23(2): 507-512.
  • Pinto, M.D., Wilhelm, E.N., Tricoli, V., Pinto, R.S., Blazevich, A.J., (2014). Differential Effects of 30-vs. 60-second Static Muscle Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 28(12): 3440-3446.
  • Paradisis, G.P., Pappas, P.T., Theodorou, A.S., et al., (2014). Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Sprint and Jump Performance in Boys and Girls. J Strength Cond Res. 28(1): 154-160.
  • Nelson, A.G., Driscoll, N.M., Landin, D.K., Young, M.A., Schexnayder, I.C., (2005). Acute Effects of Passive Muscle Stretching on Sprint Performance. J Sports Sci. 23(5): 449-454.
  • Kistler, B.M., Walsh, M. S., Horn, T. S., & Cox, R. H., (2010). The Acute Effects of Static Stretching on the Sprint Performance of Collegiate Men in the 60-and 100-m Dash After a Dynamic Warm-up. J Strength Cond Res. 24 (9): 2280-2284.
  • Beydokhti, I.T., Haghshenas, R., (2014). Acute Effect Different Stretching Methods During Warm Ups on Agility and Power in Amateur handball Players. WJSS. 9 (1): 7-12.
  • Unick, J., Kieffer, H.S., Cheesman, W., Feeney, A., (2005). The Acute Effects of Static and Ballistic Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance in Trained Women. J Strength Cond Res. 19(1): 206-212.
  • Samson, M., Button, D.C., Chaouachi, A., Behm, D.G., (2012). Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching Within General and Activity Specific Warm-up Protocols. J Sports Sci Med. 11(2): 279-285.
  • O’Connor, D.M., Crowe, M.J., Spinks, W.L., (2006). Effects of Static Stretching on Leg Power During Cycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 46(1): 52-56.
  • Pacheco, L., Balius R, Aliste L, et al., (2011). The Acute Effects of Different Stretching Exercises on Jump Performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 25: 2991-2998.
  • Bradley, P.S., Olsen, P.D., & Portas, M.D., (2007). The Effect of Static, Ballistic, and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 21(1): 223.
  • Church, J.B., Wiggins, M.S., Moode, F.M., & Crist, R., (2001). Effect Of Warm-Up and Flexibility Treatments on Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 15(3): 332-336. Christensen, B.K., & Nordstrom, B.J., (2008). The Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Dynamic Stretching Techniques on Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 22(6): 1826-1831.
  • Inbar, O., Bar-or O, Skinner, J.S., The Wingate Anaerobic Test, Human Kinetics, 1996.
  • Kamar, A., Sporda Yetenek Beceri ve Performans Testleri, Nobel yayın dağıtım, 2003.
  • Karli, U., Guvenc, A., Aslan, A., Hazir, T., & Acikada, C., (2007). Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise. J Sports Sci Med. 6(4): 490-497.
  • Watson, R.C. and Sargeant, T.L., (1986). Laboratory and on-Ice Test Comparisons of Anaerobic Power of Ice Hockey Players. Can J Appl Sport Sci. 11(4): 218-224.
  • Kocak, S. and Karli, U., (2003). Effects of High Dose Oral Creatine Supplementation on Anaerobic Capacity of Elite Wrestlers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 43(4): 488-492.
  • Van Ingen Schenau, G.J., Bakker, F.C., De Groot, G. and De Koning, J.J., (1992). Supramaximal Cycle Tests Do Not Detect Seasonal Progression in Performance in Groups of Elite Speed Skaters. Eur J Appl Physiol. 64(4): 292-297.
  • Bradley, K., (2014). The Effects of Different Warm-Up Methods on Anaerobic Power. Master's Theses. Human Performance and Health Education Western Michigan University, Michigan.
  • Faıgenbaum, A.D, Bellucci M, Bernierı A, Bakker B, Hoorens K., (2005). Acute Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols on Fitness Performance in Children. J Strength Cond Res. 19(2): 376–381.
  • Shelton, J., Kumar, G.V.P., (2009). Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Warm-up Exercise Regimes on Lower Limb Muscle Power. Health. 1(2):117-120.
  • Bafghi, A.F., Khorasani, M.A., (2012). Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching During Warm-up on Vertical Jump in Soccer Players. IJSS. 2(10): 484-488.
  • Avandi, S.M., Abadi, F.A., Far, A.E., (2015). Acute Effect of Different Warm-up Protocols on Anaerobic Power, 20- meters Sprint and Balanced Vault Performance in Female Gymnasts. IJSS. 5(4): 415-425.
  • Fletcher, I.M, Jones, B., (2004). The Effect of Different Warm-up Stretch Protocols on 20 Meter Sprint Performance In Trained Rugby Union Players. J Strength Cond Res. 18(4): 885–888.
  • Alikhajeh, Y., Ramezanpour, M.R., Moghaddam, A., (2011). The Effect of Different Warm-up Protocols on Young Soccer Players' Sprint. Procedia – Soc Behav Sci. 30: 1588 –1592.
  • Sayers, A.L., Farley, R.S., Fuller, D,K., Jubenville, C.B., Caputo, J.L., (2008). The Effect of Static Stretching on Phases of Sprint Performance in Elite Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 22(5): 1416-1421.
  • Winchester, J.B., Nelson, A.G., Kokkonen, J., (2009). A Single 30-s Stretch is Sufficient to Inhibit Maximal Voluntary Strength. Res Q Exerc Sport. 80(2): 257-261.
  • Franco, B.L., Signorelli, G.R., Trajano, G.S., Costa, P.B., Oliveira, C.G., (2012). Acute Effects of Three Different Stretching Protocols on the Wingate Test Performance. J Sports Sci Med. 11(1): 1-7.
  • Rucker, T.A., (2011). Dynamic Warm-Up Improves Mean Power Output Compared to a Warm-Up With Static Stretching. Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, Exercise Physiology-Research (Health Sciences and Professions), Ohio.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

İrem Bıçkıcı This is me 0000-0001-5730-8944

Hakan Yarar 0000-0003-4652-5307

Umid Karlı 0000-0001-5614-9021

Çetin Çelebioğlu This is me 0000-0002-0250-3205

Nurgül İkizoğlu This is me 0000-0003-3636-8635

Hüseyin Aksu This is me 0000-0001-9463-3236

Tuğba Kocaağa This is me 0000-0003-3674-5330

Publication Date October 14, 2018
Acceptance Date October 9, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bıçkıcı, İ., Yarar, H., Karlı, U., Çelebioğlu, Ç., et al. (2018). GERME TEKNİKLERİNİN ANAEROBİK PERFORMANSA AKUT ETKİLERİ. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(3), 60-70.