Abstract
Bu çalışmada kırıcı sanayiinde kullanılan bimetallerin mekanik özelliklerine derin sıfır altı-kriyojenik işlemin (DKİ) etkisi incelenmiştir. Son yıllarda yüksek sertliğin yanısıra yüksek tokluk ihtiyacının da olduğu darbeli kırıcılarda bimetal kompozitler yüksek manganlı östenitik çeliklerin yerine yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Konvensiyonel ısıl işlem bimetallerde uygulanmakla beraber, çalışmamızda sıfıraltı işlemin malzemenin belirli mekanik özelliklerine etkisi ve içyapı analizi de incelenmiştir. İnceleme 800°C de tavlama, -180°C de derin sıfır altı işlem 250°C de temperleme, charpy darbe testi, optik mikroskop analizi, tarayıcı elektron mikroskop analizi, X-Ray analizini ve sertlik ölçümlerini içermektedir. Her sette 5 adet deney numunesi olmak üzere 2’şer set bimetal malzeme önce 5 saat süre ile tavlama işlemine tabii tutulmuş, ardından 24 saat sıfır altı işleme ve 3-4 saat süre ile de temperleme işlemine tabii tutulmuştur. Darbe tokluk deneyleri ve sertlik ölçümleri yapılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak derin sıfır altı işlem sonrası tokluk ve sertlik değerlerinde önemli değişimlerin ortaya çıktığı görülmekte olup, aynı zamanda temiz bir içyapı ve homojen bir bileşimin ortaya çıktığı gözlemlenmiştir. Derin Sıfıraltı İşlem+Temperleme sonrası numunelerin darbe tokluğunun sadece Derin Sıfıraltı İşlemi sonrasına kıyasla ortalama %20 arttığı ve sertlik oranlarının ise %10 azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Keywords
Kriyojenik sıfıraltı işlem bimetal çentik darbe testi yüksek alaşımlı krom dökme demir düşük alaşımlı çelik
References
- S Zic. I Dzambas. ve M Ikonic. Possibilities of Implementing Bimetallic Hammer Castings in Crushing Industries, Metalurgija 2009; 48(1): 51–54.
- X Xiaofeng. Y Shengping. Z Xiaoguang. ve X Qiong. High Cr White Cast Iron/Carbon Steel Bimetal Liner by Lost Foam Casting with Liquid-liquid Composite Process, China Foundry 2012; 9(2):136–142.
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- ASM Handbook Volume 4, Heat Treating ASM Handbook, Volume 4A, Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes. ASM International.pp. 382–386. ISBN 978-1-62708-011-8. 2013.
- I Reddy. Dr Y S Rao. A S P Seshank. ve V Inturi. Characterization and Performance Evaluation of HSS Cutting Tools under Deep Cryogenic Treatment, International Journal of Engineering And Science 2015; 5(10): 13-19.
- K Prudhvi. ve V V Lakshmi. Cryogenic Tool Treatment, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), 2016; 2(9): 1204-1211.
- T Yugandhar. P K Krishnan. C V B Rao. ve R Kalidas. Cryogenic Treatment and It’s Effect on Tool Steel, 6th International Tooling Conference 2002; Vol:2: 672-683.
- Z Özdemir. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Impact Toughness of ‘High-Chromıum Cast Iron – Low-Carbon Cast Steel’ Bi-Metal Components, Metal Science and Heat Treatment 2017; Vol. 58: 738-741.
- Z Özdemir. Shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT) effects on the mechanical properties of high Cr cast iron – low-carbon cast steel bimetallic casting, Int. J. Metalcast 2021; 15(3): 952-961.
- M Ş Adin. ve M Okumuş. Investigation of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Metal Weld Between AISI 420 and AISI 1018 Steels, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2022; 47:8341–8350.
- M Ş Adin. Performances of cryo-treated and untreated cutting tools in machining of AA7075 aerospace aluminium alloy, European Mechanical Science 2023; 7(2): 70-81.
- M Ş Adin. A parametric study on the mechanical properties of MIG and TIG welded dissimilar steel joints, Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2022.
- DIN EN 12513:2001, “Abrasion Resistant Cast Irons”. English Version Of DIN EN 12513 (Foreign Standard). 2001.
- ASTM A27M “Standard Specification For Steel Castings, Carbon, For General Application”. 2006.
- ASTM E18-02 “Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials” (2004).
- ASTM E23-02 “Standart Test Methods For Notched Bar Impact Testing Of Metallic Materials”. 1982.
- George H.T. “Steel Heat Treatment Metallurgy and Technologies”, Second Edition, Portland State University Of Portland, 148-150. 2006.
- I.S. Jawahir and Colleagues “Cryogenic Manufacturing Processes”, CIRP Annals Manufacturing Technology, Isıl İşlem http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp. 2016.06.007. 2016.
Abstract
Deep cryogenic (subzero) treatment (DCT) is at great importance when high toughness and hardness is aimed to obtain in metal industry. Bimetals have a great importance in crushing industry also. DCT influence on the mechanical properties of bimetals have been examined and analyzed in the current study. Examinations include annealing at 800°C, DCT, tempering at 250°C, charpy impact test, optic microscope (OM) images analysis, scanning electron microscope images analysis, X-RAY images analysis and hardness measurement as Rockwell C. Bimetals (2 set each, 1 set is 5 sample) are put to annealing at 800°C for 5 hours, then DCT is conducted at -180°C for 24 hours. Tempering is followed out at 250°C for 3 hours for 1 set. Noteworthy hardness and toughness rates are observed after DCT. It was also observed that after DCT and tempering, hardness is reduced, but impact energy/toughness is increased. A clean microstructure has been observed after DCT in OMs and SEMs. X-RAY analysis also reveals pure and clean chemical composition. The impact toughness rates of samples after DCT+Tempering are determined %20 more compared with the rates after DCT. Hardness rates decreases %10 after DCT+Tempering compared with the rates after DCT.
References
- S Zic. I Dzambas. ve M Ikonic. Possibilities of Implementing Bimetallic Hammer Castings in Crushing Industries, Metalurgija 2009; 48(1): 51–54.
- X Xiaofeng. Y Shengping. Z Xiaoguang. ve X Qiong. High Cr White Cast Iron/Carbon Steel Bimetal Liner by Lost Foam Casting with Liquid-liquid Composite Process, China Foundry 2012; 9(2):136–142.
- X Xiao-Feng. Y Sheng-Ping. Y Wei-Xin. ve X Qiong. HCWCI/Carbon Steel Bimetal Liner by Liquid-Liquid Compound Lost Foam Casting, Journal Of Iron And Steel Research International 2012; 19(0): 13-19.
- ASM Handbook Volume 4, Heat Treating ASM Handbook, Volume 4A, Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes. ASM International.pp. 382–386. ISBN 978-1-62708-011-8. 2013.
- I Reddy. Dr Y S Rao. A S P Seshank. ve V Inturi. Characterization and Performance Evaluation of HSS Cutting Tools under Deep Cryogenic Treatment, International Journal of Engineering And Science 2015; 5(10): 13-19.
- K Prudhvi. ve V V Lakshmi. Cryogenic Tool Treatment, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), 2016; 2(9): 1204-1211.
- T Yugandhar. P K Krishnan. C V B Rao. ve R Kalidas. Cryogenic Treatment and It’s Effect on Tool Steel, 6th International Tooling Conference 2002; Vol:2: 672-683.
- Z Özdemir. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Impact Toughness of ‘High-Chromıum Cast Iron – Low-Carbon Cast Steel’ Bi-Metal Components, Metal Science and Heat Treatment 2017; Vol. 58: 738-741.
- Z Özdemir. Shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT) effects on the mechanical properties of high Cr cast iron – low-carbon cast steel bimetallic casting, Int. J. Metalcast 2021; 15(3): 952-961.
- M Ş Adin. ve M Okumuş. Investigation of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Metal Weld Between AISI 420 and AISI 1018 Steels, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2022; 47:8341–8350.
- M Ş Adin. Performances of cryo-treated and untreated cutting tools in machining of AA7075 aerospace aluminium alloy, European Mechanical Science 2023; 7(2): 70-81.
- M Ş Adin. A parametric study on the mechanical properties of MIG and TIG welded dissimilar steel joints, Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2022.
- DIN EN 12513:2001, “Abrasion Resistant Cast Irons”. English Version Of DIN EN 12513 (Foreign Standard). 2001.
- ASTM A27M “Standard Specification For Steel Castings, Carbon, For General Application”. 2006.
- ASTM E18-02 “Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials” (2004).
- ASTM E23-02 “Standart Test Methods For Notched Bar Impact Testing Of Metallic Materials”. 1982.
- George H.T. “Steel Heat Treatment Metallurgy and Technologies”, Second Edition, Portland State University Of Portland, 148-150. 2006.
- I.S. Jawahir and Colleagues “Cryogenic Manufacturing Processes”, CIRP Annals Manufacturing Technology, Isıl İşlem http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp. 2016.06.007. 2016.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Material Design and Behaviors |
| Journal Section | MBD |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 28, 2024 |
| Submission Date | July 31, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 36 Issue: 1 |
