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Neuroprotective Effects of Rutin and Quercetin Flavonoids in Glaucium corniculatum Methanol and Water Extracts

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1, 85 - 93, 25.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.363347

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by loss of neurons. NDs are associated with development of inflammation. Existing drugs against NDs only delay the progression; however, they do not provide a cure. The studies for the treatment of NDs focused on to discover natural products that have the potential of anti-inhibition and anti-radical properties. The Papaveraceae family members are important for the synthesis of pharmaceutically compounds such as flavonoids which act like anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, methanol and water extracts of Glaucium corniculatum, a member of the Papaveraceae family, were analysed for flavonoid compounds. The effects of extracts on neuronal PC12 cells viability was determined. The anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were assessed by measuring the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated PC12 cells. As a result of our studies, Rutin and Quercetin flavonoids have been found to be as major. The amount of Rutin was higher in methanol (45 μg/ml) than water (41 μg/ml). Quercetin was better extracted with methanol (12 μg/ml) than water (10 μg/ml). None of the tested extracts were cytotoxic even to PC12 cells. Both extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effect in a dose dependent manner. The water extract showed the maximum anti-inflammatory effect, with IL-6 secretion decreased 79 fold according to the H2O2 treated group and IL-10 secretion increased to 87 fold according to the control group. This study is an evidence that the Rutin and Quercetin flavonoids detected in G. corniculatum methanol and water extracts have a neuroprotective effect through anti-inflammation.

References

  • Prince, M., Wimo, A., Guerchet, M., Ali, G. C., Wu, Y. T., & Prina, M. (2000). The global impact of dementia. In Rev Resúmenes World Alzheimer Congress Washington DC (pp. 79-81).
  • Amor, S., Peferoen, L. A., Vogel, D., Breur, M., Valk, P., Baker, D., & Noort, J. M. (2014). Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases–an update. Immunology, 142(2), 151-166.
  • Sentürk, N. (2013). Kütanöz inflamasyon/Cutaneous inflammation. Turkderm, 47(1), 28.
  • Gonzalez-Scarano, F., & Baltuch, G. (1999). Microglia as mediators of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Annual review of neuroscience, 22(1), 219-240.
  • Block, M. L., Zecca, L., & Hong, J. S. (2007). Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(1), 57-69.
  • Glass, C. K., Saijo, K., Winner, B., Marchetto, M. C., & Gage, F. H. (2010). Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration. Cell, 140(6), 918-934.
  • Teeling, J. L., & Perry, V. H. (2009). Systemic infection and inflammation in acute CNS injury and chronic neurodegeneration: underlying mechanisms. Neuroscience, 158(3), 1062-1073.
  • Silva, A. R., Pinheiro, A. M., Souza, C. D. S., Freitas, S. B., Vasconcellos, V., Freire, S. M., & Costa, S. L. (2008). The flavonoid rutin induces astrocyte and microglia activation and regulates TNF-alpha and NO release in primary glial cell cultures. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 24(1), 75-86.
  • Lleo, A., Greenberg, S. M., & Growdon, J. H. (2006). Current pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease. Annu. Rev. Med., 57, 513-533.
  • Ahmed, F., Ghalib, R. M., Sasikala, P., & Ahmed, K. M. (2013). Cholinesterase inhibitors from botanicals. Pharmacognosy reviews, 7(14), 121.
  • Saleh, N. A., Maksoud, S. A., El-hadidi, M. N., & Amer, W. M. (1987). A comparative study of flavonoids in some members of the Papaveraceae. Biochemical systematics and ecology, 15(6), 673-675.
  • Doyle, S. L., & O’Neill, L. A. (2006). Toll-like receptors: from the discovery of NFκB to new insights into transcriptional regulations in innate immunity. Biochemical pharmacology, 72(9), 1102-1113.
  • Katsube, T., Imawaka, N., Kawano, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Shiwaku, K., & Yamane, Y. (2006). Antioxidant flavonol glycosides in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves isolated based on LDL antioxidant activity. Food chemistry, 97(1), 25-31.
  • Alamdary, S. Z., Khodagholi, F., Shaerzadeh, F., Ansari, N., Sonboli, A., & Tusi, S. K. (2012). S. choloroleuca, S. mirzayanii and S. santolinifolia protect PC12 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis by blocking the intrinsic pathway. Cytotechnology, 64(4), 403-419.
  • Oke‐Altuntas, F., Aslim, B., Duman, H., Gulpinar, A. R., & Kartal, M. (2015). The Relative Contributions of Chlorogenic Acid and Rutin to Antioxidant Activities of Two Endemic Prangos (Umbelliferae) Species (P. heynia and P. denticulata). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 39(4), 409-416.
  • Jacovina, A. T., Zhong, F., Khazanova, E., Lev, E., Deora, A. B., & Hajjar, K. A. (2001). Neuritogenesis and the nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC-12 cells requires annexin II-mediated plasmin generation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(52), 49350-49358.
  • Mosmann, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods, 65(1-2), 55-63.
  • Zhang, P., Guo, Z., Wu, Y., Hu, R., Du, J., He, X., ... & Zhu, X. (2015). Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit the proliferation of gallbladder carcinoma cells by suppressing AKT/mTOR signaling. PloS one, 10(8), e0136193.
  • Sorokulova, I., Globa, L., Pustovyy, O., & Vodyanoy, V. (2016). Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), (113), e54122-e54122.
  • Sriwiriyajan, S., Ninpesh, T., Sukpondma, Y., Nasomyon, T., & Graidist, P. (2014). Cytotoxicity screening of plants of genus piper in breast cancer cell lines. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(6), 921-928.
  • Morteza-Semnani, K., Saeedi, M., & Hamidian, M. (2004). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the topical preparation of Glaucium grandiflorum. Fitoterapia, 75(2), 123-129.
  • Arafa, A. M., Mohamed, M. E. S., Eldahmy, S. I. (2016) The Aerial Parts of Yellow Horn Poppy (Glaucium flavum Cr.) growing in Egypt:Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Biological Activities. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 8(5), 323-332.
  • Pinto, L., Borrelli, F., Bombardelli, E., Cristoni, A., & Capasso, F. (1998). Anti‐inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Effects of Glaucine in Rats and Mice. Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications, 4(10), 502-505.
  • Alia, M., Ramos, S., Mateos, R., Bravo, L., & Goya, L. (2005). Response of the antioxidant defense system to tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 19(2), 119-128.
  • Frossi, B., De Carli, M., Daniel, K. C., Rivera, J., & Pucillo, C. (2003). Oxidative stress stimulates IL‐4 and IL‐6 production in mast cells by an APE/Ref‐1‐dependent pathway. European journal of immunology, 33(8), 2168-2177.
  • Kossmann, T., Hans, V., Imhof, H. G., Trentz, O., & Morganti-Kossmann, M. C. (1996). Interleukin-6 released in human cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury may trigger nerve growth factor production in astrocytes. Brain research, 713(1), 143-152.
  • Gruol, D. L., & Nelson, T. E. (1997). Physiological and pathological roles of interleukin-6 in the central nervous system. Molecular neurobiology, 15(3), 307-339.
  • Lucas, S. M., Rothwell, N. J., & Gibson, R. M. (2006). The role of inflammation in CNS injury and disease. British journal of pharmacology, 147(S1).
  • Alhosaini, K., AlSharari, S., & Hafez, M. M. (2016). Rutin ameliorates high cholesterol diet induced alteration in lipid profile Interleukin-3 (IL3) and Interleukin6 (IL6) and liver inflammation. The FASEB Journal, 30(1 Supplement), lb554-lb554.
  • Liu, J., Li, X., Yue, Y., Li, J., He, T., & He, Y. (2005). The inhibitory effect of quercetin on IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils. Cell Mol Immunol, 2(6), 455-460.
  • Buruiana, F. E., Solà, I., & Alonso-Coello, P. (2008). Recombinant human interleukin 10 for induction of remission in Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11.
  • Magalingam, K. B., Radhakrishnan, A., & Haleagrahara, N. (2013). Rutin, a bioflavonoid antioxidant protects rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity. International journal of molecular medicine, 32(1), 235-240.
  • Magalingam, K. B., Radhakrishnan, A., & Haleagrahara, N. (2014). Protective effects of flavonol isoquercitrin, against 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. BMC research notes, 7(1), 49.
  • Yang, J., Guo, J., & Yuan, J. (2008). In vitro antioxidant properties of rutin. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 41(6), 1060-1066.
  • Li, Y., Yao, J., Han, C., Yang, J., Chaudhry, M. T., Wang, S., ... & Yin, Y. (2016). Quercetin, inflammation and immunity. Nutrients, 8(3), 167.
  • Kauss, T., Moynet, D., Rambert, J., Al-Kharrat, A., Brajot, S., Thiolat, D., ... & Mossalayi, M. D. (2008). Rutoside decreases human macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators and improves clinical signs in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Arthritis research & therapy, 10(1), R19.
  • Hu, Q. H., Zhang, X., Pan, Y., Li, Y. C., & Kong, L. D. (2012). Allopurinol, quercetin and rutin ameliorate renal NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid accumulation in fructose-fed rats. Biochemical pharmacology, 84(1), 113-125.
  • Javed, H., Khan, M. M., Ahmad, A., Vaibhav, K., Ahmad, M. E., Khan, A., ... & Safhi, M. M. (2012). Rutin prevents cognitive impairments by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rat model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer type. Neuroscience, 210, 340-352.

Neuroprotective Effects of Rutin and Quercetin Flavonoids in Glaucium corniculatum Methanol and Water Extracts

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1, 85 - 93, 25.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.363347

Abstract

Neurodegenerative
diseases (NDs) are characterized by loss of neurons. NDs are associated with development
of inflammation. Existing drugs against NDs only delay the progression; however,
they do not provide a cure. The studies for the treatment of NDs focused on to discover
natural products that have the potential of anti-inhibition and anti-radical properties.
The Papaveraceae family members are important
for the synthesis of pharmaceutically compounds such as flavonoids which act like
anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, methanol and water extracts of Glaucium corniculatum, a member of the Papaveraceae family, were analysed for flavonoid
compounds. The effects of extracts on neuronal PC12 cells viability was determined.
The anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were assessed by measuring the levels
of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated
PC12 cells. As a result of our studies, Rutin and Quercetin flavonoids have been
found to be as major. The amount of Rutin was higher in methanol (45 μg/ml) than
water (41 μg/ml). Quercetin was better extracted with methanol (12 μg/ml) than water
(10 μg/ml). None of the tested extracts were cytotoxic even to PC12 cells. Both
extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effect in a dose dependent manner. The water
extract showed the maximum anti-inflammatory effect, with IL-6 secretion decreased
79 fold according to the H2O2 treated group and IL-10 secretion
increased to 87 fold according to the control group. This study is an evidence that
the Rutin and Quercetin flavonoids detected in G. corniculatum methanol and water extracts have a neuroprotective effect
through anti-inflammation.

References

  • Prince, M., Wimo, A., Guerchet, M., Ali, G. C., Wu, Y. T., & Prina, M. (2000). The global impact of dementia. In Rev Resúmenes World Alzheimer Congress Washington DC (pp. 79-81).
  • Amor, S., Peferoen, L. A., Vogel, D., Breur, M., Valk, P., Baker, D., & Noort, J. M. (2014). Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases–an update. Immunology, 142(2), 151-166.
  • Sentürk, N. (2013). Kütanöz inflamasyon/Cutaneous inflammation. Turkderm, 47(1), 28.
  • Gonzalez-Scarano, F., & Baltuch, G. (1999). Microglia as mediators of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Annual review of neuroscience, 22(1), 219-240.
  • Block, M. L., Zecca, L., & Hong, J. S. (2007). Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(1), 57-69.
  • Glass, C. K., Saijo, K., Winner, B., Marchetto, M. C., & Gage, F. H. (2010). Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration. Cell, 140(6), 918-934.
  • Teeling, J. L., & Perry, V. H. (2009). Systemic infection and inflammation in acute CNS injury and chronic neurodegeneration: underlying mechanisms. Neuroscience, 158(3), 1062-1073.
  • Silva, A. R., Pinheiro, A. M., Souza, C. D. S., Freitas, S. B., Vasconcellos, V., Freire, S. M., & Costa, S. L. (2008). The flavonoid rutin induces astrocyte and microglia activation and regulates TNF-alpha and NO release in primary glial cell cultures. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 24(1), 75-86.
  • Lleo, A., Greenberg, S. M., & Growdon, J. H. (2006). Current pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease. Annu. Rev. Med., 57, 513-533.
  • Ahmed, F., Ghalib, R. M., Sasikala, P., & Ahmed, K. M. (2013). Cholinesterase inhibitors from botanicals. Pharmacognosy reviews, 7(14), 121.
  • Saleh, N. A., Maksoud, S. A., El-hadidi, M. N., & Amer, W. M. (1987). A comparative study of flavonoids in some members of the Papaveraceae. Biochemical systematics and ecology, 15(6), 673-675.
  • Doyle, S. L., & O’Neill, L. A. (2006). Toll-like receptors: from the discovery of NFκB to new insights into transcriptional regulations in innate immunity. Biochemical pharmacology, 72(9), 1102-1113.
  • Katsube, T., Imawaka, N., Kawano, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Shiwaku, K., & Yamane, Y. (2006). Antioxidant flavonol glycosides in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves isolated based on LDL antioxidant activity. Food chemistry, 97(1), 25-31.
  • Alamdary, S. Z., Khodagholi, F., Shaerzadeh, F., Ansari, N., Sonboli, A., & Tusi, S. K. (2012). S. choloroleuca, S. mirzayanii and S. santolinifolia protect PC12 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis by blocking the intrinsic pathway. Cytotechnology, 64(4), 403-419.
  • Oke‐Altuntas, F., Aslim, B., Duman, H., Gulpinar, A. R., & Kartal, M. (2015). The Relative Contributions of Chlorogenic Acid and Rutin to Antioxidant Activities of Two Endemic Prangos (Umbelliferae) Species (P. heynia and P. denticulata). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 39(4), 409-416.
  • Jacovina, A. T., Zhong, F., Khazanova, E., Lev, E., Deora, A. B., & Hajjar, K. A. (2001). Neuritogenesis and the nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC-12 cells requires annexin II-mediated plasmin generation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(52), 49350-49358.
  • Mosmann, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods, 65(1-2), 55-63.
  • Zhang, P., Guo, Z., Wu, Y., Hu, R., Du, J., He, X., ... & Zhu, X. (2015). Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit the proliferation of gallbladder carcinoma cells by suppressing AKT/mTOR signaling. PloS one, 10(8), e0136193.
  • Sorokulova, I., Globa, L., Pustovyy, O., & Vodyanoy, V. (2016). Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), (113), e54122-e54122.
  • Sriwiriyajan, S., Ninpesh, T., Sukpondma, Y., Nasomyon, T., & Graidist, P. (2014). Cytotoxicity screening of plants of genus piper in breast cancer cell lines. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(6), 921-928.
  • Morteza-Semnani, K., Saeedi, M., & Hamidian, M. (2004). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the topical preparation of Glaucium grandiflorum. Fitoterapia, 75(2), 123-129.
  • Arafa, A. M., Mohamed, M. E. S., Eldahmy, S. I. (2016) The Aerial Parts of Yellow Horn Poppy (Glaucium flavum Cr.) growing in Egypt:Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Biological Activities. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 8(5), 323-332.
  • Pinto, L., Borrelli, F., Bombardelli, E., Cristoni, A., & Capasso, F. (1998). Anti‐inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Effects of Glaucine in Rats and Mice. Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications, 4(10), 502-505.
  • Alia, M., Ramos, S., Mateos, R., Bravo, L., & Goya, L. (2005). Response of the antioxidant defense system to tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 19(2), 119-128.
  • Frossi, B., De Carli, M., Daniel, K. C., Rivera, J., & Pucillo, C. (2003). Oxidative stress stimulates IL‐4 and IL‐6 production in mast cells by an APE/Ref‐1‐dependent pathway. European journal of immunology, 33(8), 2168-2177.
  • Kossmann, T., Hans, V., Imhof, H. G., Trentz, O., & Morganti-Kossmann, M. C. (1996). Interleukin-6 released in human cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury may trigger nerve growth factor production in astrocytes. Brain research, 713(1), 143-152.
  • Gruol, D. L., & Nelson, T. E. (1997). Physiological and pathological roles of interleukin-6 in the central nervous system. Molecular neurobiology, 15(3), 307-339.
  • Lucas, S. M., Rothwell, N. J., & Gibson, R. M. (2006). The role of inflammation in CNS injury and disease. British journal of pharmacology, 147(S1).
  • Alhosaini, K., AlSharari, S., & Hafez, M. M. (2016). Rutin ameliorates high cholesterol diet induced alteration in lipid profile Interleukin-3 (IL3) and Interleukin6 (IL6) and liver inflammation. The FASEB Journal, 30(1 Supplement), lb554-lb554.
  • Liu, J., Li, X., Yue, Y., Li, J., He, T., & He, Y. (2005). The inhibitory effect of quercetin on IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils. Cell Mol Immunol, 2(6), 455-460.
  • Buruiana, F. E., Solà, I., & Alonso-Coello, P. (2008). Recombinant human interleukin 10 for induction of remission in Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11.
  • Magalingam, K. B., Radhakrishnan, A., & Haleagrahara, N. (2013). Rutin, a bioflavonoid antioxidant protects rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity. International journal of molecular medicine, 32(1), 235-240.
  • Magalingam, K. B., Radhakrishnan, A., & Haleagrahara, N. (2014). Protective effects of flavonol isoquercitrin, against 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. BMC research notes, 7(1), 49.
  • Yang, J., Guo, J., & Yuan, J. (2008). In vitro antioxidant properties of rutin. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 41(6), 1060-1066.
  • Li, Y., Yao, J., Han, C., Yang, J., Chaudhry, M. T., Wang, S., ... & Yin, Y. (2016). Quercetin, inflammation and immunity. Nutrients, 8(3), 167.
  • Kauss, T., Moynet, D., Rambert, J., Al-Kharrat, A., Brajot, S., Thiolat, D., ... & Mossalayi, M. D. (2008). Rutoside decreases human macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators and improves clinical signs in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Arthritis research & therapy, 10(1), R19.
  • Hu, Q. H., Zhang, X., Pan, Y., Li, Y. C., & Kong, L. D. (2012). Allopurinol, quercetin and rutin ameliorate renal NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid accumulation in fructose-fed rats. Biochemical pharmacology, 84(1), 113-125.
  • Javed, H., Khan, M. M., Ahmad, A., Vaibhav, K., Ahmad, M. E., Khan, A., ... & Safhi, M. M. (2012). Rutin prevents cognitive impairments by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rat model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer type. Neuroscience, 210, 340-352.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Gonca Koçancı

Belma Aslim

Publication Date November 25, 2017
Submission Date May 4, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1

Cite

APA Koçancı, F. G., & Aslim, B. (2017). Neuroprotective Effects of Rutin and Quercetin Flavonoids in Glaucium corniculatum Methanol and Water Extracts. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3, Special Issue 1), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.363347

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