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The Influence of Physical, Physiological and Biomotor Characteristics in Determining Young Female Footballer Profile

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 1 - 12, 20.12.2017

Abstract

Purpose: The
physical characteristics such as high-intensity running performance, repeated
sprint ability and speed contribute to elite performance, along with the
tactical and technical qualities of a successful match in football. The aim of
the study in this context is to evaluate some physical and motoristic
characteristics of the young female footballers at the national level and try
to create a database that will help determine the female footballer profile.

Method: In our study, 20 female (age: 17,9 ± 1,37,
weight: 56,9 ± 7,09 kg and height: 165,1 ± 08 cm.) team of football players
were participated. 20 m shuttle run test, repetitive sprint test and force test
were applied to the athletes. Pearson correlation was performed and descriptive
statistics (averages and standard deviations) for all values. The level of
significance was determined as p <0.05.

Findings: There was a relationship between anthropometric
characteristics and repeates sprint values and endurance capacity in female
soccer players (p <0,05). In addition, there is a relationship between
fatigue index values with the repeated sprint average (r = .599), best sprint
(r = 870) and final lactate (r = 508) and the best sprint has a positive
correlation between repeated sprint mean (r = 847), final lactate values (r =
526) and maximal vertical jump (r = -403). In addition, negative correlation
was found between repeated sprint final lactate values and sprint end pulse
values (r = -415) and maxVo2 value and sprint mean value (r = -499) (p
<0,05). All other parameters were not statistically related to each other
(p> 0,05).

Discussion: The importance of VO2max, repetitive sprinting
ability, total distance and number of ball contacts made in soccer play are
important (Helgerud et al., 2001). For this reason, the ability to complete
repetitive sprints during a match can affect the outcome of a football match.
Coaches should not ignore the practice of training that can improve the maximum
acceleration rate or the strength development rate and power capacity and at
the same time the ability to complete repetitive maximal effort.










References

  • Alexandre, D, Da Silva, CD, Hill-Haas, S, Wong del, P, Natali, AJ, De Lima, JR, Bara-Filho, MG, Marins, JJ, Garcia, ES, and Karim, C. (2012) Heart rate monitoring in soccer: Interest and limits during competitive match play and training, practical application. J Strength Cond Res 26: 2890–2906. Arazi H., Keihaniyan A., EatemadyBoroujeni A., Oftade A., Takhsha S., Asadi A. and Ramirez-Campillo R. (2017) Effects of Heart Rate vs. Speed-Based High Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity of Female Soccer PlayersSports. 5, 57; doi:10.3390/sports5030057 Bangsbo J. (1994) Futbolda Fizik Kondisyon Antrenmanı: Bilimsel Bir Yaklaşım. Çev. Gündüz H. Bangsbo J, Lindquist F. (1992) Comparison of various exercise tests with endurance performance during soccer in professional players. Int J Sports Med. 13:125-32 Bishop, D, Girard, O, and Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2011) Repeated-sprint ability—Part II: Recommendations for training. Sports Med 41: 741–756 Bührle M, Schmidtbleicher D. (1977) Der einfluss von maximalkrafttraining auf die bewegungsschnelligkeit (The influence of maximum strength training on movement velocity). Leistungssport. 7:3–10. Clark M, Reed DB, Crouse SF, Armstrong RB. (2003) Pre- and post-season dietary intake, body composition, and performance indices of NCAA division I female soccer players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 13:303-319. Cornelissen VA, Verheyden B, Aubert AE, Fagard RH. (2009) Effects of aerobic training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability. J Hum Hypertens. 24(3): 175-182 Da Silva, JF, Guglielmo, LG, and Bishop, D. (2010) Relationship between different measures of aerobic fitness and repeated-sprint ability in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 24: 2115–2121. Datson, N, Hulton, A, Andersson, H, Lewis, T, Weston, M, Drust, B (2014) Applied physiology of female soccer: an update. Sports Med 44: 1225–1240. Davids J A., Brewer J., Atkin D.(1992) Pre-season Physiological Characteristics of     English First and Second Division  Soccer Players, J Sports  sci,Abst: 10:s.541-7. Eniseler N.,Çamlıyer H.,Göde O.(1996) Çeşitli Liglerde Futbol Oynayan Oyuncuların Mevkilere Göre 30 m mesafe İçindeki Sprint Derecelerinin Karşılaştırılması, Futbol Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2:s.3-8. Esco MR, Mugu EM, Williford HN, McHugh AN, Bloomquist BE. (2011) Cross-validation of the polar fitness testTM via the polar f11 heart rate monitor in predicting vo2 max. J Exer Pysiol online. 14(5): 31-37 Exblom, B. (1994) (Editör) Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, Football(soccer) İnternational Olympic Committee, Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford, England. Flatt A. A., Esco M., Nakamura FY., Plews DJ. (2016) Interpreting daily heart rate variability changes in collegiate female soccer players J Sports Med Phys Fitness DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06322-2. Haugen, T, Tonnessen, E, Hisdal, J, and Seiler, S. (2014) The role and development of sprinting speed in soccer. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 9: 432–441. Haller JM, Fehling PC, Barr DA, Storer TW, Cooper CB, Smith DL. (2013) Use of the HR index to predict maximal oxygen uptake during different exercise protocols. Physiol Rep. 1(5): 1-9 Helgerud J, Engen LC, Wisloff U, Hoff J. (2001) Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Med Sci Sport Exer. 33(11): 1925-1931 Hoff J, Almasbakk B. (1995) The effects of maximum strength training on throwing velocity and muscle strength in female team-handball players. J Strength Cond Res. 9:255–8. Ingebrıgtsen J., Brochmann M., Castagna C., Bradley PS., Ade J. Krustrup P. and Holtermann A. (2014) Relatıonshıps Between Fıeld Performance Tests In Hıgh-Level Soccer Players Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 28(4)/942–949 Gabbett, TJ and Mulvey, MJ. (2008) Time-motion analysis of small-sided training games and competition in elite women soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 22: 543–552. Gabbett, TJ, Wiig, H, and Spencer, M. (2013) Repeated high-intensity running and sprinting in elite women's soccer competition. Int J Sports Phys Ther 8: 130–138. Girard, O, Mendez-Villanueva, A, and Bishop, D. (2011) Repeated-sprint ability—Part I: Factors contributing to fatigue. Sports Med 41: 673– 694. Gorostiaga, EM., Llodio, I, Ibanez, J., Granados, C., Navarro, I., Ruesta, M., Bonnabau, H. and Izquierdo M. (2009) Differences in physical fitness among indoor and outdoor elite male soccer players. European Journal of Appiedl Physiology. 26, 1040-1047. Jones RM, Cook CC, Kilduff LP, Milanović Z, James N, Sporiš G, Vučković G. (2013) Relationship between repeated sprint ability and aerobic capacity in professional soccer Players. Sci World J. 952350 Krustrup P, Mohr M, Ellingsgaard H, Bangsbo J. (2005) Physical demands during an elite female soccer game: Importance of training status. Med Sci Sports Exerc.37:1242-1248. Lockıe R., Jalılvand F., Moreno M.R., Orjalo AJ., Rısso FG., and Nımphıus S. (2017) Yo-Yo Intermıttent Recovery Test Level 2 And Its Relatıonshıp Wıth Other Typıcal Soccer Fıeld Tests In Female Collegıate Soccer Players Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 31(10) /2667–2677 McMahon S, Wenger HA. (1998) The relationship between aerobic fitness and both power output and subsequent recovery during maximal intermittent exercise. J Sci Med Sport. 1(4): 219-227 Macsween A. (2001) The reliability and validity of the Astrand nomogram and linear extrapolation for deriving VO2max from submaximal exercise data. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 41(3): 312-317 Miller TA, Thierry-Aguilera R, Congleton JJ. (2007) Seasonal changes in VO2max among division 1A collegiate women soccer players. J Strength Cond Res.21:48-51. Mohr, M, Krustrup, P, Andersson, H, Kirkendal, D, and Bangsbo, J. Match activities of elite women soccer players at different performance levels. J Strength Cond Res 22: 341–349, 2008. Nelson R.M. (2017) The Effects of Off-Season and In-Season Training on Lactate Threshold in NCAA Division III Female Soccer Players n Honors Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors in Biology, Exercise Science, from Hamline University Nicholas CW, Nuttall FE, Williams C; (2000) The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test: a field test that simulates the activity pattern of soccer. J Sports Sci. 18:97-104 Oliveira RS, Leicht AS, Bishop D, Barbero-Álvarez JC, Nakamura FY. (2013) Seasonal changes in physical performance and heart rate variability in high level futsal players. Int J Sports Med. 34: 424-430 Rachael M. Nelson (2017) The Effects of Off-Season and In-Season Training on Lactate Threshold in NCAA Division III Female Soccer Players n Honors Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors in Biology, Exercise Science, from Hamline University Raczak G, Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz L, Kobuszewska-Chwirot M, Ratkowski W, Figura-Chmielewska M, Szwoch M. (2006) Long-term exercise training improves autonomic nervous system profile in professional runners. Kardiol Pol. 64(2): 135-140 Schmidtbleicher D. (1992) Training for power events. In: Komi PV, ed. Strength and power in sport. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 381–95. Spencer, M, Bishop, D, Dawson, B, and Goodman, C. (2005) Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint activities: Specific to fieldbased team sports. Sports Med 35: 1025–1044. Ueda, S, Yamanaka, A, Yoshikawa, T, Katsura, Y, Usui, T, Orita, K, and Fujimoto, S. (2011) Differences in physiological characterization between Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 and level 2 in Japanese college soccer players. Int J Sport Health Sci 9: 33–38. Wicks JR, Oldridge NB, Nielsen LK, Vickers CE. (2011) HR index--a simple method for the prediction of oxygen uptake. Med Sci Sport Exer, 2011; 43(10): 2005-2012 Vinay P. & Denish Brahma H. (2012) Indian National Women Soccer Team – A Profile Study. Variorum, Multi- Disciplinary e-Research Journal. 2 (3), 1-5. Wisløff U., Castagna C., Helgerud J., Jones R., Hoff J. (2004) Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. Br J Sports Med. 38:285–288. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.002071 Wisloff U, Helgerud J, Hoff J. (1998) Strength and endurance of elite soccer players. Sci Sport Exer. 30: 462-467. Wright, M. (2016) 'Strength training and metabolic conditioning for female youth and adolescent soccer players' Strength and Conditioning Journal; 38 (2): 96-104

Genç Kadın Futbolcu Profilini Belirlemede Fiziksel, Fizyolojik ve Biomotor Özelliklerin Etkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 1 - 12, 20.12.2017

Abstract

Amaç: Futbolda başarılı bir maçın sonucu taktiksel ve teknik kaliteyle
birlikte, yüksek şiddetli koşu performansı, tekrarlı sprint yeteneği ve hız
gibi fiziksel özellikler elit performansa katkıda bulunur. Bu bağlamda
çalışmanın amacı, ulusal düzeydeki genç kadın futbolcuların bazı fiziksel ve
motorsal özelliklerini değerlendirmek ve kadın futbolcu profilini belirlemek için
veri tabanı oluşturmaya çalışmaktır.



Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 20 kadın (yaş: 17,9±1,37; kilo: 56,9±7,09
kg. ve boy: 165,1±08 cm.) futbol oyuncusu araştırma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Sunulan çalışmada sporculara 20 m
mekik koşusu testi, tekrarlı sprint testi ve kuvvet testleri uygulanmıştır. Tüm
değerlerin tanımlayıcı istatistik (ortalamaları ve standart sapmalarına) ve değişkenlerin
birbiriyle arasındaki ilişkileri için Pearson korelasyon yapılmıştır. Anlamlılık
düzeyi p<0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir.



Sonuçlar: Antropometrik özellikler ile tekrarlı sprint değerleri
ve dayanıklılık kapasitesi açısından ilişki çıkmıştır (p<0,05). Genç kadın
futbolcuların yorgunluk indeksi değerlerinin tekrarlı sprint ortalama (r=.599),
en iyi sprint (r= 870) ve son laktat (r= 508) değerleri ile ve en iyi sprintin
de sprint ortalama (r= 847), son laktat (r= 526) ve maksimal dikey sıçrama
(r=-403) arasında pozitif yönde ilişki vardır. Ayrıca tekrarlı sprint son
laktat ile tekrarlı sprint son nabız değerleri (r=-415) ve maxVo2 ile sprint
ortalama değeri ile arasında negatif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur (r=-499)
(p<0,05). Diğer tüm parametrelerin birbiri ile arasında istatiksel açıdan
ilişki çıkmamıştır (p>0,05).



Tartışma: VO2max'ın,
tekrarlanan sprint yeteneği, toplam mesafeyi ve futbol oynamasında yapılan top
kontaklarının sayısı önemlidir (Helgerud ve ark., 2001).
Bu sebeplerle maç esnasında tekrarlanan sprintleri
tamamlama yeteneği, bir futbol maçının sonucunu etkileyebilir. Antrenörler maksimum
hızlanma hızını ya da kuvvet gelişim oranını ve güç kapasitesini ve aynı
zamanda tekrarlanan maksimal eforları tamamlama yeteneğini geliştirebilen
antrenmanları uygulamayı göz ardı etmemelidirler.

References

  • Alexandre, D, Da Silva, CD, Hill-Haas, S, Wong del, P, Natali, AJ, De Lima, JR, Bara-Filho, MG, Marins, JJ, Garcia, ES, and Karim, C. (2012) Heart rate monitoring in soccer: Interest and limits during competitive match play and training, practical application. J Strength Cond Res 26: 2890–2906. Arazi H., Keihaniyan A., EatemadyBoroujeni A., Oftade A., Takhsha S., Asadi A. and Ramirez-Campillo R. (2017) Effects of Heart Rate vs. Speed-Based High Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity of Female Soccer PlayersSports. 5, 57; doi:10.3390/sports5030057 Bangsbo J. (1994) Futbolda Fizik Kondisyon Antrenmanı: Bilimsel Bir Yaklaşım. Çev. Gündüz H. Bangsbo J, Lindquist F. (1992) Comparison of various exercise tests with endurance performance during soccer in professional players. Int J Sports Med. 13:125-32 Bishop, D, Girard, O, and Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2011) Repeated-sprint ability—Part II: Recommendations for training. Sports Med 41: 741–756 Bührle M, Schmidtbleicher D. (1977) Der einfluss von maximalkrafttraining auf die bewegungsschnelligkeit (The influence of maximum strength training on movement velocity). Leistungssport. 7:3–10. Clark M, Reed DB, Crouse SF, Armstrong RB. (2003) Pre- and post-season dietary intake, body composition, and performance indices of NCAA division I female soccer players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 13:303-319. Cornelissen VA, Verheyden B, Aubert AE, Fagard RH. (2009) Effects of aerobic training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate variability. J Hum Hypertens. 24(3): 175-182 Da Silva, JF, Guglielmo, LG, and Bishop, D. (2010) Relationship between different measures of aerobic fitness and repeated-sprint ability in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 24: 2115–2121. Datson, N, Hulton, A, Andersson, H, Lewis, T, Weston, M, Drust, B (2014) Applied physiology of female soccer: an update. Sports Med 44: 1225–1240. Davids J A., Brewer J., Atkin D.(1992) Pre-season Physiological Characteristics of     English First and Second Division  Soccer Players, J Sports  sci,Abst: 10:s.541-7. Eniseler N.,Çamlıyer H.,Göde O.(1996) Çeşitli Liglerde Futbol Oynayan Oyuncuların Mevkilere Göre 30 m mesafe İçindeki Sprint Derecelerinin Karşılaştırılması, Futbol Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2:s.3-8. Esco MR, Mugu EM, Williford HN, McHugh AN, Bloomquist BE. (2011) Cross-validation of the polar fitness testTM via the polar f11 heart rate monitor in predicting vo2 max. J Exer Pysiol online. 14(5): 31-37 Exblom, B. (1994) (Editör) Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, Football(soccer) İnternational Olympic Committee, Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford, England. Flatt A. A., Esco M., Nakamura FY., Plews DJ. (2016) Interpreting daily heart rate variability changes in collegiate female soccer players J Sports Med Phys Fitness DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06322-2. Haugen, T, Tonnessen, E, Hisdal, J, and Seiler, S. (2014) The role and development of sprinting speed in soccer. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 9: 432–441. Haller JM, Fehling PC, Barr DA, Storer TW, Cooper CB, Smith DL. (2013) Use of the HR index to predict maximal oxygen uptake during different exercise protocols. Physiol Rep. 1(5): 1-9 Helgerud J, Engen LC, Wisloff U, Hoff J. (2001) Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Med Sci Sport Exer. 33(11): 1925-1931 Hoff J, Almasbakk B. (1995) The effects of maximum strength training on throwing velocity and muscle strength in female team-handball players. J Strength Cond Res. 9:255–8. Ingebrıgtsen J., Brochmann M., Castagna C., Bradley PS., Ade J. Krustrup P. and Holtermann A. (2014) Relatıonshıps Between Fıeld Performance Tests In Hıgh-Level Soccer Players Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 28(4)/942–949 Gabbett, TJ and Mulvey, MJ. (2008) Time-motion analysis of small-sided training games and competition in elite women soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 22: 543–552. Gabbett, TJ, Wiig, H, and Spencer, M. (2013) Repeated high-intensity running and sprinting in elite women's soccer competition. Int J Sports Phys Ther 8: 130–138. Girard, O, Mendez-Villanueva, A, and Bishop, D. (2011) Repeated-sprint ability—Part I: Factors contributing to fatigue. Sports Med 41: 673– 694. Gorostiaga, EM., Llodio, I, Ibanez, J., Granados, C., Navarro, I., Ruesta, M., Bonnabau, H. and Izquierdo M. (2009) Differences in physical fitness among indoor and outdoor elite male soccer players. European Journal of Appiedl Physiology. 26, 1040-1047. Jones RM, Cook CC, Kilduff LP, Milanović Z, James N, Sporiš G, Vučković G. (2013) Relationship between repeated sprint ability and aerobic capacity in professional soccer Players. Sci World J. 952350 Krustrup P, Mohr M, Ellingsgaard H, Bangsbo J. (2005) Physical demands during an elite female soccer game: Importance of training status. Med Sci Sports Exerc.37:1242-1248. Lockıe R., Jalılvand F., Moreno M.R., Orjalo AJ., Rısso FG., and Nımphıus S. (2017) Yo-Yo Intermıttent Recovery Test Level 2 And Its Relatıonshıp Wıth Other Typıcal Soccer Fıeld Tests In Female Collegıate Soccer Players Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 31(10) /2667–2677 McMahon S, Wenger HA. (1998) The relationship between aerobic fitness and both power output and subsequent recovery during maximal intermittent exercise. J Sci Med Sport. 1(4): 219-227 Macsween A. (2001) The reliability and validity of the Astrand nomogram and linear extrapolation for deriving VO2max from submaximal exercise data. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 41(3): 312-317 Miller TA, Thierry-Aguilera R, Congleton JJ. (2007) Seasonal changes in VO2max among division 1A collegiate women soccer players. J Strength Cond Res.21:48-51. Mohr, M, Krustrup, P, Andersson, H, Kirkendal, D, and Bangsbo, J. Match activities of elite women soccer players at different performance levels. J Strength Cond Res 22: 341–349, 2008. Nelson R.M. (2017) The Effects of Off-Season and In-Season Training on Lactate Threshold in NCAA Division III Female Soccer Players n Honors Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors in Biology, Exercise Science, from Hamline University Nicholas CW, Nuttall FE, Williams C; (2000) The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test: a field test that simulates the activity pattern of soccer. J Sports Sci. 18:97-104 Oliveira RS, Leicht AS, Bishop D, Barbero-Álvarez JC, Nakamura FY. (2013) Seasonal changes in physical performance and heart rate variability in high level futsal players. Int J Sports Med. 34: 424-430 Rachael M. Nelson (2017) The Effects of Off-Season and In-Season Training on Lactate Threshold in NCAA Division III Female Soccer Players n Honors Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors in Biology, Exercise Science, from Hamline University Raczak G, Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz L, Kobuszewska-Chwirot M, Ratkowski W, Figura-Chmielewska M, Szwoch M. (2006) Long-term exercise training improves autonomic nervous system profile in professional runners. Kardiol Pol. 64(2): 135-140 Schmidtbleicher D. (1992) Training for power events. In: Komi PV, ed. Strength and power in sport. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 381–95. Spencer, M, Bishop, D, Dawson, B, and Goodman, C. (2005) Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint activities: Specific to fieldbased team sports. Sports Med 35: 1025–1044. Ueda, S, Yamanaka, A, Yoshikawa, T, Katsura, Y, Usui, T, Orita, K, and Fujimoto, S. (2011) Differences in physiological characterization between Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 and level 2 in Japanese college soccer players. Int J Sport Health Sci 9: 33–38. Wicks JR, Oldridge NB, Nielsen LK, Vickers CE. (2011) HR index--a simple method for the prediction of oxygen uptake. Med Sci Sport Exer, 2011; 43(10): 2005-2012 Vinay P. & Denish Brahma H. (2012) Indian National Women Soccer Team – A Profile Study. Variorum, Multi- Disciplinary e-Research Journal. 2 (3), 1-5. Wisløff U., Castagna C., Helgerud J., Jones R., Hoff J. (2004) Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. Br J Sports Med. 38:285–288. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.002071 Wisloff U, Helgerud J, Hoff J. (1998) Strength and endurance of elite soccer players. Sci Sport Exer. 30: 462-467. Wright, M. (2016) 'Strength training and metabolic conditioning for female youth and adolescent soccer players' Strength and Conditioning Journal; 38 (2): 96-104
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Tuba Kızılet Bozdoğan

Ali Kızılet

Publication Date December 20, 2017
Acceptance Date December 7, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kızılet Bozdoğan, T., & Kızılet, A. (2017). Genç Kadın Futbolcu Profilini Belirlemede Fiziksel, Fizyolojik ve Biomotor Özelliklerin Etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 1-12.