Abstract
References
- 1. Sievers M, Swings J. Gluconacetobacter. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015. p. 1–11. 2. Oxoid Limited. Oxoid - Product Detail [Internet]. [cited 2019 Nov 26]. Available from: http://www.oxoid.com/UK/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0657&org=82&c=UK&lang=EN 3. Swings J, De Ley J. The Genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter. In: The Prokaryotes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1981. p. 771–8. 4. ASAI, T. Taxonomic studies on acetic acid bacteria and allied oxidative bacteria isolated from fruits. A new classification of the oxidative bacteria. J Agric Chem Soc Japan. 1935; 11:674–708. 5. NCBI taxonomy database. Taxonomy browser (Gluconacetobacter) [Internet]. [cited 2019 Dec 26]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=89583&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock 6. Greenberg DE, Ding L, Zelazny AM, et al. A novel bacterium associated with lymphadenitis in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. PLoS Pathog [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2019 Nov 14];2(4):260–7. Available from: www.plospathogens.org 7. Cools P, Nemec A, Kampfer P, Vaneechoutte M. Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Moraxella, and Other Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Rods. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 12th Edition. 2019. p. 829–57. 8. Cirera I, Martin Bauer T, Miguel N, et al. Bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2001;34(1):32–37. 9. Scarpellini E, Valenza V, Gabrielli M, et al. Intestinal permeability in cirrhotic patients with and without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: is the ring closed? Am J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2010 Feb [cited 2019 Nov 21];105 (2):323–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19844200 10. Runyon BA, Squier S, Borzio M. Translocation of gut bacteria in rats with cirrhosis to mesenteric lymph nodes partially explains the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Hepatol. 1994;21(5):792–796. 11. Sánchez E, Soriano G, Mirelis B, Gonzalez B, Nieto JC, Vidal S, et al. Effect of long-term acid gastric inhibition on bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 27(5):570-6. 12. Talha Noor M, Manoria P. Citation of this article: Noor MT, Manoria P. Immune dys-function in cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Dec 17];5(1):50–8. Available from: http://www.jcthnet.com 13. Clària J, Mitchell DA, Irvine KM, Ratnasekera I, Powell EE, Hume DA. Causes and Consequences of Innate Immune Dysfunction in Cirrhosis. Front Immunol | www.frontiersin.org [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17]; 10:293. Available from: www.frontiersin.org
Abstract
Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium that has previously been described as a plant pathogen. To the best of our knowledge, only one previous case of human infection with Gluconacetobacter species has been described and was associated with severe immunodeficiency. We describe a case of recurrent Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens bacteremia in a patient with advanced liver cirrhosis and propose that gut translocation in the setting of portal hypertension and frequent sugarcane juice ingestion may have been the etiology. This case expands on our knowledge of Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens as a potential emerging human pathogen in certain situations and describes the difficulty encountered in antimicrobial testing and management. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(1):62-67.
Keywords
Environmental Alphaproteobacteria Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens Gram negative bacteremia Cirrhosis
References
- 1. Sievers M, Swings J. Gluconacetobacter. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015. p. 1–11. 2. Oxoid Limited. Oxoid - Product Detail [Internet]. [cited 2019 Nov 26]. Available from: http://www.oxoid.com/UK/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0657&org=82&c=UK&lang=EN 3. Swings J, De Ley J. The Genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter. In: The Prokaryotes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1981. p. 771–8. 4. ASAI, T. Taxonomic studies on acetic acid bacteria and allied oxidative bacteria isolated from fruits. A new classification of the oxidative bacteria. J Agric Chem Soc Japan. 1935; 11:674–708. 5. NCBI taxonomy database. Taxonomy browser (Gluconacetobacter) [Internet]. [cited 2019 Dec 26]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=89583&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock 6. Greenberg DE, Ding L, Zelazny AM, et al. A novel bacterium associated with lymphadenitis in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. PLoS Pathog [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2019 Nov 14];2(4):260–7. Available from: www.plospathogens.org 7. Cools P, Nemec A, Kampfer P, Vaneechoutte M. Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Moraxella, and Other Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Rods. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 12th Edition. 2019. p. 829–57. 8. Cirera I, Martin Bauer T, Miguel N, et al. Bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2001;34(1):32–37. 9. Scarpellini E, Valenza V, Gabrielli M, et al. Intestinal permeability in cirrhotic patients with and without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: is the ring closed? Am J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2010 Feb [cited 2019 Nov 21];105 (2):323–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19844200 10. Runyon BA, Squier S, Borzio M. Translocation of gut bacteria in rats with cirrhosis to mesenteric lymph nodes partially explains the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Hepatol. 1994;21(5):792–796. 11. Sánchez E, Soriano G, Mirelis B, Gonzalez B, Nieto JC, Vidal S, et al. Effect of long-term acid gastric inhibition on bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 27(5):570-6. 12. Talha Noor M, Manoria P. Citation of this article: Noor MT, Manoria P. Immune dys-function in cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Dec 17];5(1):50–8. Available from: http://www.jcthnet.com 13. Clària J, Mitchell DA, Irvine KM, Ratnasekera I, Powell EE, Hume DA. Causes and Consequences of Innate Immune Dysfunction in Cirrhosis. Front Immunol | www.frontiersin.org [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 17]; 10:293. Available from: www.frontiersin.org
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Case Report |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 15, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 01 |