Investigation of Fluid Flow Through the Ureteral Canal with A Porous Media Approach in the Ureteral Stone Reduction Process
Abstract
This study includes the examination of the stone removal process by computational fluid dynamics analysis in the kidney and ureteral canal, which is modeled as the fluid evacuation channel for the urine flow. SolidWorks 2020 R2 commercial software was used for three-dimensional modeling and Flow Simulation plugin for flow simulation analysis. The kidney with the size of 12x6x6cm and in addition to this, the ureteral canal with the largest internal diameter of 20 mm (at the kidney outlet) and the smallest diameter of 5 mm (at the canal outlet) were modeled. Pressure distribution in the presence of flow was determined in case of stone stuck in the middle part of the ureteral canal. To identify the partially occluded region allowing flow, the kidney stone region was defined as a porous medium for analysis. Four different conditions (between 0.90 and 0.99) for permeability in this region were included in the analysis to represent stone size and structure. The change in pressure-velocity distribution and its effect in the kidney area were seen at 5 different entry speeds. The effect of different permeability conditions on the pressure difference was shown graphically. The findings showed the presence of high pressure (peak 1850 mmH2O) throughout the flow volume at narrow passages and low permeability conditions, as expected. At 90% permeability, the maximum local velocity in the blockage zone was found to be 4.5 m/s and this value tends to decrease with increasing permeability. It was predicted that the pressure-velocity relationship along the flow can provide information on treatment and intervention, depending on the stone and canal structure whose properties are predetermined. It was concluded that a preliminary idea could be formed about the extent of pain due to high pressure, especially for the stone dropping process, which does not cause complete obstruction in the canal and is defined as a porous medium in this analysis.
References
- Allen, M. (2023). Kidney Stone Treatment Options. Retrieved from North Dallas Urology Associates: https://northtexasurologist.com/
- Carniel, C. G. (2021). Computational Tools for the Investigation of the Male Lower Urinary Tract Functionality in Health and Disease. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 41, pages 203–215 .
- Caruso, M. V., Rossi, M., Serraino, G. F., Renzulli, A., & Fragomeni, G. (2015). A computational fluid dynamics comparison between different outflow graft anastomosis locations of Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) in a patient-specific aortic model. Int J Numer Method Biomed Engineering., 31(2). https://doi.org/Doi: 10.1002/cnm.2700
- Coe, F. L., & Worcester, A. E. (2005). Kidney stone disease. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 115(10), 2596-2608. https://doi.org/Doi.org/10.1172/JCI26662.
- Constante-Amores, C. R., Kahouadji, L., Williams, J. G., Turney, B. W., Shin, S., Chergui, J., Juric, D., Moulton, D. E., and Waters, S. L. (2023). "Role of Kidney Stones in Renal Pelvis Flow." ASME. J Biomech Eng. May 2023; 145(5): 051007. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056461
- Inman, B. A., Etienne, W., Rubin, R., Owusu, R. A., Oliveira, T. R., Rodriques, D. B., . . . Dewhirst, M. W. (2013). The impact of temperature and urinary constituents on urine viscosity and its relevance to bladder hyperthermia treatment. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 29(3), 206-210. https://doi.org/Doi: 10.3109/02656736.2013.775355
- Mackiewicz, R. R. (2020). Numerical analysis of deformation and flow in the proximal area of the urethra. International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 25(2), 130-141. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2020-0025
- Mayo. (2023). Kidney Stones. Retrieved from Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/multimedia/kidney-stones/img-20005738
- Ravi D, Raj Rajagopal T. K. (2022). Numerical investigation on the effect of slit thickness and outlet angle of the bladeless fan for flow optimization using CFD technique. J. Ther Eng; 9(2):279–296.
- Resnick, M. S. (2004). Urinary Tract Obstruction.. . Retrieved from eMedicine Clinical Knowledge Base: WebMD, http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2782.htm.
- Singla, N., K, A., Singla, M., & Lee, J. S. (2008). A Novel, Non-Invasive Approach to Diagnosing Urinary Tract Obstruction Using CFD. Journal of Young Investigators, 50-62.
- Stelmashuk, V., & Tugolukov, A. (2020). Comparison and Validation of Two Mathemetical Model of Underwater Spark Simulation Using Cylindrical and Elleptical Coordinates. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS), (pp. Physics, 111–117). Singapore. https://doi.org/Doi: 10.1109/ICOPS37625.2020.9717518.
- SolidWorks (2020). SolidWorks Flow Simulation. Dassault Systemes SolidWorks Corporation. https://my.solidworks.com/training/elearning/69/solidworks-flow-simulation.
Böbrek Taşı Düşürme İşleminde Üretral Kanal İçindeki Akışkan Akışının Gözenekli Ortam Yaklaşımı ile İncelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, idrar akışında akışkan tahliye kanalı olarak modellenen böbrek ve üreter kanaldaki taş düşürme işleminin hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiğiyle (HAD) analizi ile irdelemesini yapıldı. Üç boyutlu modelleme için SolidWorks 2020 R2 ticari yazılımı ve akış simülasyon analizi için Flow Simulation eklentisi kullanıldı. 12x6x6cm boyutlarında böbrek ve buna ek olarak en büyük iç çapı 20 mm (böbrek çıkışında) ve en küçük çapı 5 mm (kanal çıkışında) olan üreter kanalı modellendi. Üreter kanalının orta kısmına taş sıkışması halinde akışın varlığında basınç dağılımı belirlendi. Akışa izin veren kısmen tıkalı bölgeyi belirlemek için, böbrek taşı bölgesi analiz için gözenekli bir ortam olarak tanımlandı. Bu bölgedeki geçirgenlik için dört farklı koşul (0.90 ile 0,99 arasında) taş boyutunu ve yapısını temsil etmek üzere analize dahil edildi. Basınç-hız dağılımındaki değişim ve bunun böbrek bölgesindeki etkisi 5 farklı giriş hızı için belirlendi. Farklı geçirgenlik koşullarının basınç farkına etkisi grafiksel olarak gösterildi. Bulgular, beklendiği gibi dar geçişlerde ve düşük geçirgenlik koşullarında akış hacmi boyunca yüksek basıncın (pik değer 1850 mmH2O) varlığını gösterdi. %90 geçirgenlik oranında tıkanma bölgesinde maksimum lokal hız 4.5 m/s olarak bulundu ve geçirgenlik artışıyla birlikte bu değer azalma eğilimindedir. Akış boyunca basınç-hız ilişkisinin, özellikleri önceden belirlenmiş olan taş ve kanal yapısına bağlı olarak tedavi ve müdahale hakkında bilgi verebileceği öngörüldü. Özellikle kanalda tam tıkanmaya neden olmayan ve bu analizde gözenekli bir ortam olarak tanımlanan taş düşürme işlemi için yüksek basınca bağlı ağrının boyutu hakkında fikir oluşturulabileceği kanısına varıldı.
References
- Allen, M. (2023). Kidney Stone Treatment Options. Retrieved from North Dallas Urology Associates: https://northtexasurologist.com/
- Carniel, C. G. (2021). Computational Tools for the Investigation of the Male Lower Urinary Tract Functionality in Health and Disease. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 41, pages 203–215 .
- Caruso, M. V., Rossi, M., Serraino, G. F., Renzulli, A., & Fragomeni, G. (2015). A computational fluid dynamics comparison between different outflow graft anastomosis locations of Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) in a patient-specific aortic model. Int J Numer Method Biomed Engineering., 31(2). https://doi.org/Doi: 10.1002/cnm.2700
- Coe, F. L., & Worcester, A. E. (2005). Kidney stone disease. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 115(10), 2596-2608. https://doi.org/Doi.org/10.1172/JCI26662.
- Constante-Amores, C. R., Kahouadji, L., Williams, J. G., Turney, B. W., Shin, S., Chergui, J., Juric, D., Moulton, D. E., and Waters, S. L. (2023). "Role of Kidney Stones in Renal Pelvis Flow." ASME. J Biomech Eng. May 2023; 145(5): 051007. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056461
- Inman, B. A., Etienne, W., Rubin, R., Owusu, R. A., Oliveira, T. R., Rodriques, D. B., . . . Dewhirst, M. W. (2013). The impact of temperature and urinary constituents on urine viscosity and its relevance to bladder hyperthermia treatment. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 29(3), 206-210. https://doi.org/Doi: 10.3109/02656736.2013.775355
- Mackiewicz, R. R. (2020). Numerical analysis of deformation and flow in the proximal area of the urethra. International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 25(2), 130-141. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2020-0025
- Mayo. (2023). Kidney Stones. Retrieved from Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/multimedia/kidney-stones/img-20005738
- Ravi D, Raj Rajagopal T. K. (2022). Numerical investigation on the effect of slit thickness and outlet angle of the bladeless fan for flow optimization using CFD technique. J. Ther Eng; 9(2):279–296.
- Resnick, M. S. (2004). Urinary Tract Obstruction.. . Retrieved from eMedicine Clinical Knowledge Base: WebMD, http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2782.htm.
- Singla, N., K, A., Singla, M., & Lee, J. S. (2008). A Novel, Non-Invasive Approach to Diagnosing Urinary Tract Obstruction Using CFD. Journal of Young Investigators, 50-62.
- Stelmashuk, V., & Tugolukov, A. (2020). Comparison and Validation of Two Mathemetical Model of Underwater Spark Simulation Using Cylindrical and Elleptical Coordinates. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS), (pp. Physics, 111–117). Singapore. https://doi.org/Doi: 10.1109/ICOPS37625.2020.9717518.
- SolidWorks (2020). SolidWorks Flow Simulation. Dassault Systemes SolidWorks Corporation. https://my.solidworks.com/training/elearning/69/solidworks-flow-simulation.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Materials Engineering (Other) |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 15, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 3 |
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