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Sources of Stress and the Coping Methods of Wheelchair Basketball Referees

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 259 - 298, 30.06.2015

Bahri Gürpınar

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe the main sources of stress and of coping strategies experienced by Turkish Wheelchair Basketball Referees. Referees in the wheelchair basketball leagues participated in this research. “Basketball Official’s Stress Survey (BOSS)” was used as the data collection tool. The internal consistency coefficient of the questionnaire was found to be 0.77 for the 14 items.The survey was applied to 6 international and Class A, 25 Class A and 30 Class B level referees, a total 61 referees in the mid-clinic of the season of 2011-2012. At the end of this research the highest average value was “Physical and Verbal Aggression Threat” (M = 2.32, Sd = 0.73) and the lowest average value was the “Existence of Others” (M = 2.11, Sd = 0.64) in the sub-dimensions of the stress resources of wheelchair basketball referees. When the 14 sources of stress in the BOSS are analyzed in detail, it can be seen that the most stressful situation was “Problem Working with Partner” (M = 2.93, Sd = 1.05) and the least stressful situation was according to these wheelchair basketball referees, “Giving Technical Foul”. The most commonly employed coping strategies were respectively: Positive Cognitive Approach (M = 3,62, Sd = 0,74), Behavioral Approach (M = 2,44, Sd = 0,74) and Negative Cognitive Approach (M = 1,67, Sd = 0,55).

Keywords

Wheelchair Basketball Referee Stress Coping Methods

References

  • Anshel M. H. (1996). “Coping styles among adolescent competitive athletes”. Journal of Social Psychology 136 (1996) 311-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714010.
  • Anshel M. H. (1990). “Toward validation of a model for coping with acute stress in sport”. International Journal of Sport Psychology 21 (1990) 58-83.
  • Anshel M. H. & Weinberg R. S. (1996). “Coping with acute stress among American and Australian basketball referees”. Journal of Sport Behavior 19/3 (1996) 180-203.
  • Anshel M. H. & Weinberg R. S. (1995). “Sources of acute stress in American and Australian basketball referees”. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 7/1 (1995) 11-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 10413209508406297.
  • Asken M. J. (1991). “The challenge of the physically challenged: Delivering sport psychology services to physically disabled athletes”. The Sport Psychologist 5/4 (1991) 370-381.
  • British Wheelchair Basketball Federation (BWBF). Referees, Retrieved December 11, 2014. http://www.gbwba.org.uk/gbwba/index.cfm/wheelchair-basketball/officials/referees.
  • British Wheelchair Basketball Federation. Retrieved December 11, 2014. www.gbwba.org.uk/gbwba
  • Deutscher Rollstuhlsport Verband. Retrieved December 11, 2014. http://www2.drs-rollstuhlbasketball. de/ligen/index.php.
  • Dorsch K. D. & Paskevich D. M. (2007). “Stressful experiences among six certification levels of ice hockey officials”. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007) 585-593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.psychsport.2006.06.003.
  • Ekmekçi R. (2008). “Basketbol Hakemlerinin Stres Kaynakları ile Stresle Başa Çıkma Yöntemlerinin Tespiti ve Önleyici Yönetsel Uygulamaların Geliştirilmesi”. Doctoral Thesis, Bolu: Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi.
  • Ekmekçi R., Doğu, G. & Aşçı, H. (2010). “Basketbol Hakemleri Stres Anketi’nin (BHSA) Geçerlilik Ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması”. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Sports Sciences 5/1 (2010) 8-15.
  • Folkman S. & Lazarus R. S. (1985). “If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three states of a college examination”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48 (1985) 150- 170.
  • Federacion Espanola de Deportes de Personas con Discapacidad Fisica. Retrieved December 11, 2014. www.feddf.es/noticiasd.asp?id=4.
  • Federation Française Handisport. Retrieved December 11, 2014. www.france-handibasket.fr.
  • Federazione Italiana Pallacanestro in Carrozzina. Retrieved December 11, 2014. www.federipic.it.
  • Gencay, S. (2009). “Magnitude of psychological stress reported by soccer referees”. Social Behaviour and Personality 37/7 (2009) 865-868. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.7.865.
  • Glegg, A. & Thompson F. (1993). Modern sports officiating: A practical guide. Dubuque 1993.
  • Goldsmith P. A. & Williams J. M. (1992). “Perceived stressors for football and volleyball officials from three rating levels”. Journal of Sport Behavior 15/2 (1992) 106-118.
  • International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF). Rules, Retrieved December 11, 2014.http:// www.iwbf.org/images/a_technical/2014_IWBF_Rules_V1.pdf ; History, Retrieved December 11, 2014. http://www.iwbf.org/index.php/2014-08-31-09-26-23/history-of-the-game.
  • Kaissidis-Rodafinos A. & Anshel M. H. (1993). “Sources and intensity of acute stress in adolescent and adult Australian basketball referees: A preliminary study”. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 25/3 (1993) 97-103.
  • Kaissidis-Rodafinos, A. Anshel M. H. & Porter A. (1997). “Personal and situational factors that predict coping strategies for acute stress among basketball referees”. Journal of Sports Sciences 15/4 (1997) 427-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404197367218.
  • Kaissidis-Rodafinos A. & Anshel M. H. (2000). “Psychological predictors of coping responses among Greek basketball referees”. The Journal of Social Psychology 140/3 (2000) 329-344. http://dx. doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600474.

Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Hakemlerinin Stres Kaynakları ve Başa Çıkma Yöntemleri

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 259 - 298, 30.06.2015

Bahri Gürpınar

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk tekerlekli sandalye basketbol hakemlerinin yaşadıkları stres kaynaklarını ve onlarla başa çıkma yöntemlerini açıklamaktır. Çalışmaya tekerlekli sandalye basketbol liglerinde hakemlik yapan hakemler katılmıştır. Basketbol Hakemleri Stres Anketi (BHSA) veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Anketin iç tutarlılık katsayısı 14 madde için 0,77 olarak bulunmuştur. Anket 6 uluslararası ve A, 25 A ve 30 B klasman olmak üzere toplam 61 hakeme 2011-2012 sezonu ara seminerinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda en yüksek stres kaynağı alt boyutu "Fiziksel ve Sözel Saldırı Girişimi" (M = 2.32, Ss = 0.73) ve en düşük stres kaynağı alt boyutu "Diğerlerinin Varlığı" (M = 2.11, Ss = 0.64) olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. 14 stres kaynağı ayrıntılı bir şeklide analiz edildiğinde, tekerlekli sandalye basketbol hakemleri için en stresli durumun "Partnerle Problem Yaşamak" (M = 2.93, SD = 1.05) olduğu ve en az stresli durumun "Teknik Faul Vermek" olduğu görülmüştür. En çok kullanılan başa çıkma yöntemi ise sırasıyla "Olumlu Bilişsel Yaklaşım" (M = 3,62, Ss = 0,74), Davranışsal Yaklaşım (M = 2,44, Ss = 0,74) ve Olumsuz Bilişsel Yaklaşım (M = 1,67, Ss = 0,55) olarak ortaya çıkmıştır

Keywords

Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Hakem Stres Başa Çıkma Yöntemleri

References

  • Anshel M. H. (1996). “Coping styles among adolescent competitive athletes”. Journal of Social Psychology 136 (1996) 311-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714010.
  • Anshel M. H. (1990). “Toward validation of a model for coping with acute stress in sport”. International Journal of Sport Psychology 21 (1990) 58-83.
  • Anshel M. H. & Weinberg R. S. (1996). “Coping with acute stress among American and Australian basketball referees”. Journal of Sport Behavior 19/3 (1996) 180-203.
  • Anshel M. H. & Weinberg R. S. (1995). “Sources of acute stress in American and Australian basketball referees”. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 7/1 (1995) 11-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 10413209508406297.
  • Asken M. J. (1991). “The challenge of the physically challenged: Delivering sport psychology services to physically disabled athletes”. The Sport Psychologist 5/4 (1991) 370-381.
  • British Wheelchair Basketball Federation (BWBF). Referees, Retrieved December 11, 2014. http://www.gbwba.org.uk/gbwba/index.cfm/wheelchair-basketball/officials/referees.
  • British Wheelchair Basketball Federation. Retrieved December 11, 2014. www.gbwba.org.uk/gbwba
  • Deutscher Rollstuhlsport Verband. Retrieved December 11, 2014. http://www2.drs-rollstuhlbasketball. de/ligen/index.php.
  • Dorsch K. D. & Paskevich D. M. (2007). “Stressful experiences among six certification levels of ice hockey officials”. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007) 585-593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.psychsport.2006.06.003.
  • Ekmekçi R. (2008). “Basketbol Hakemlerinin Stres Kaynakları ile Stresle Başa Çıkma Yöntemlerinin Tespiti ve Önleyici Yönetsel Uygulamaların Geliştirilmesi”. Doctoral Thesis, Bolu: Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi.
  • Ekmekçi R., Doğu, G. & Aşçı, H. (2010). “Basketbol Hakemleri Stres Anketi’nin (BHSA) Geçerlilik Ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması”. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Sports Sciences 5/1 (2010) 8-15.
  • Folkman S. & Lazarus R. S. (1985). “If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three states of a college examination”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48 (1985) 150- 170.
  • Federacion Espanola de Deportes de Personas con Discapacidad Fisica. Retrieved December 11, 2014. www.feddf.es/noticiasd.asp?id=4.
  • Federation Française Handisport. Retrieved December 11, 2014. www.france-handibasket.fr.
  • Federazione Italiana Pallacanestro in Carrozzina. Retrieved December 11, 2014. www.federipic.it.
  • Gencay, S. (2009). “Magnitude of psychological stress reported by soccer referees”. Social Behaviour and Personality 37/7 (2009) 865-868. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.7.865.
  • Glegg, A. & Thompson F. (1993). Modern sports officiating: A practical guide. Dubuque 1993.
  • Goldsmith P. A. & Williams J. M. (1992). “Perceived stressors for football and volleyball officials from three rating levels”. Journal of Sport Behavior 15/2 (1992) 106-118.
  • International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF). Rules, Retrieved December 11, 2014.http:// www.iwbf.org/images/a_technical/2014_IWBF_Rules_V1.pdf ; History, Retrieved December 11, 2014. http://www.iwbf.org/index.php/2014-08-31-09-26-23/history-of-the-game.
  • Kaissidis-Rodafinos A. & Anshel M. H. (1993). “Sources and intensity of acute stress in adolescent and adult Australian basketball referees: A preliminary study”. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 25/3 (1993) 97-103.
  • Kaissidis-Rodafinos, A. Anshel M. H. & Porter A. (1997). “Personal and situational factors that predict coping strategies for acute stress among basketball referees”. Journal of Sports Sciences 15/4 (1997) 427-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404197367218.
  • Kaissidis-Rodafinos A. & Anshel M. H. (2000). “Psychological predictors of coping responses among Greek basketball referees”. The Journal of Social Psychology 140/3 (2000) 329-344. http://dx. doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600474.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Training, Sports and Physical Activity For Disabled, Exercise and Sports Psychology
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Bahri Gürpınar

Publication Date June 30, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gürpınar, B. (2015). Sources of Stress and the Coping Methods of Wheelchair Basketball Referees. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 259-298.
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