Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 1 - 11, 15.09.2017

Abstract

References

  • Algesheimer, R., Dholakia, U. M., & Hermann, A. (2005). The social influence of brand community: Evidence from European car clubs. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 19–34. Baller, S., & Cornellisen S. (2013). Introduction: Sport, Leisure and Consumption in Africa The International Journal of the History of Sport, 30(16), 1867-1876. Byon K.K, Zhang , J.J., & Baker, T. A. “Impact of core and peripheral service quality on consumption behavior of professional team sport spectators as mediated by perceived value” European Sport Management Quarterly. 13(2). pp. 232-263, 2013. Dalakas, V., & Kropp, F. “Attitudes of youth toward purchasing from sponsors: A crosscultural perspective” Journal of Euro marketing. 12(1). pp. 19-39, 2002. Fairley, S. (2003). In search of relived social experience: Group-based nostalgia sport tourism. Journal of Sport Management, 17, 284–304. Fairley, s., Green B.C.& Chalip, L. (2015) The effects of commitment and identification on consumption. Journal of Sport & Tourism. Vol. 19, No. 1, 55–78. Fink, J. S., Trail, G. T., & Anderson, D. F. An examination of team identification: which motives are most salient to the existence? International Sports Journal, 6(2), 195_207,2002. Fisher, R. J., & Wakefield, K. (1998). Factors leading to group identification: A field study of winners and losers. Psychology & Marketing, 15, 23–40. Funk, D. C., Mahony, D. F., & Ridinger, L. L. Characterizing consumer motivation as individual difference factors: Augmenting the sport interest inventory (SII) to explain level of spectator support,2002 Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity. Cambridge: Polity. Green, B. C. (2001). Leveraging subculture and identity to promote sport events. Sport Management Review, 4, 1–19. Green, B. C., & Jones, I. (2005). Serious leisure, social identity, and sport tourism. Sport in Society, 8(2), 164–181. Greenwood, P. B., Kanter M. A. & Casper, J.M. Sport Fan Team Identification Formation in Mid Level Professional Sport. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6:3, 253-265, 2006. Günay, N. ve Tiryaki, Ş. “Spor Taraftarı Özdeşleşme Ölçeğinin (STÖÖ) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması” Hacettepe University Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 1:14-26, 2003 Harolle, M., Trail, G., Rodriguez, A. ve Jordan, J. “Conative Loyalty of Latino and Non-Latino Professional Baseball Fans” Journal of Sport Management, 24:456-471, 2010. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/fenerbahce-bursaspor-maci-saat-kact---2046903-skorerhaber/ (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2015) Jones, I. A further examination of the factors influencing current identification with a sports team, a response to Wann et al. (1996). Perceptual and Motor Skills , 85, 257_258, 1997 Kim, Y.K., Trail, G.T., & Ko, Y.J. “The influence of relationship quality on sport consumption behaviors: An empirical examination of the relationship quality framework” Journal of Sport Management.25 (6). pp.576-592, 2011. Kim SK, Byon KK, Yu JG, Zhang JJ, Kim C. Social Motivations And Consumption Behavior Of Spectators Attending A Formula One Motor-Racıng Event Social Behavior And Personality 2013; 41(8):1359-1378. Kim JW, James JD, Kim YU. A model of the relationship among sport consumer motives, spectator commitment, and behavioral intentions Sport Management Review. 2013; 16:173-185. Kiremitci O., Demiray, E., Gencer, R.T., & Aycan, A. “Assessıng The Valıdıty And Relıabılıty Of The Sport Consumptıon Behavıor Scale On Turkısh Football Spectators” Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. 5(2). pp.11-20, 2014. Kwon, H. H., & Armstrong, K. L. (2002). Factors influencing impulse buying of sport licensed merchandise. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11, 151–163. Kwon, H. H., & Armstrong, K. L. (2006). Impulse purchase of sport team licensed merchandise: What matters? Journal of Sport Management, 20, 101–119. Kwon, H.H., & Kwak, D. H. “Revisiting the Team Identification-Value- Purchase Relationship in the Team- Licensed Merchandise Consumption Context: A Multidimensional Consumer Value Approach” Sport Marketing Quarterly. 23.pp.100-114, 2014. Laverie, D.A., & Arnett, D.B. “Factors affecting fan attendance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction” Journal of Leisure Research.32(2).pp.225–246, 2000. Laverie, D. A., & Arnett, D. B. (2000). Factors affecting fan attendance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 32, 225–246. Madrigal, R. (1995). Cognitive and affective determinants of fan satisfaction with sporting event attendance. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 205_227. Madrigal, R. “Social identity effects in a belief-attitude-intentions hierarchy: Implications for corporate sponsorship” Psychology and Marketing.18(2).pp.145-165, 1995. Matsuoka, H., Chelladurai, P., & Harada, M. (2003). Direct and interaction effects of team identification and satisfaction on intention to attend games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 244–253. McCracken, G. (1986). Culture and consumption: A theoretical account of the structure and movement of the cultural meaning of consumer goods. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 71–84. Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S., & Sutton, W. A., Sport marketing (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics , 2007. Pease, D. G., & Zhang, J. J. Differentiation of fan psychology with respect to sociodemographic backgrounds of NBA spectators. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, A100, 1996. Schouten, J. W., & McAlexander, J. H. (1995). Subcultures of consumption: An ethnography of the new bikers. Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 43–61. Schwartz, S. H. “Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries” In M. Zanna (Ed.). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.25. pp. 1-65,1992. Shao, Y. L. “An exploratory examination of the impact of personal values on sport consumption preferences and behaviors: A cross cultural study” Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2002. Torlak Ö., Özkara B.Y., & Dogan V. “The Effect of Spectators’ Level of Identification with Their Favorite Sports Teams on Their Perceived Quality and Purchase Intentions of Team-Licensed Products”. Ege Academic Revıew.14(1). pp. 73-81, 2014. Trail, G.T. & James, J. “The motivation scale for sport consumption: assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties” Journal of Sport Behaviour. 24.pp.108-127, 2001. Tsiotsou, R. “The Role of Perceived Product Quality and Overall Satisfaction on Purchase Intentions” International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30:207-17, 2006. Wakefield, K. L. The pervasive effects of social influence on sporting event attendance. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 19, 335_351, 1995. Wakefield, K.L. “The pervasive effects of social influence on sporting event attendance” Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 19. pp.335–351, 1995. Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 1_17,1993 Wann, D. L., & Dolan, T. J. Attributions of highly identified sports spectators. Journal of Social Psychology, 134(6), 783_794,1994. Wann, D. L., & Schrader, M. P. Team identification and the enjoyment of watching a sportinG event. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 954,1997. Wann, D. L., Roberts, A., & Tindall, J. The role of team performance, team identification, and self esteem in sport spectators’ game preferences. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89, 945_950, 1999.

Relationship between identification levels of fans that support Turkish Super League’s three big football clubs with their teams and their consumer behavior intentions

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 1 - 11, 15.09.2017

Abstract








This study aimed to reveal the sports consumption behavior and intentions of fans of three big football teams competing in Turkish Super League and investigate how these intentions varied based on levels of identification with their teams. In addition, the study also attempted to detect whether there were any differences in the consumption behaviors of the fans of these three big teams (Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray and Besiktaş) and to present related reasons, if any. Fans of the sports clubs competing in Turkish Super League -Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray and Beşiktaş- participated in the study on voluntary basis. A total of 548 sports fans participated in the study: 32.30% (N=177) of these fans supported Besiktaş, 34.30% (N=188) supported Galatasaray and 33.40% (N=183) supported Fenerbahçe. In the framework of the study, Sports Consumption Behavior Scale, developed by Kim et al. (2011), whose validity and reliability of the Turkish version was tested by Kiremitci et al. (2014) was used along with Sport Spectator Identification Scale, developed by Wann and Branscombe (1993) whose validity and reliability of the Turkish version was tested by Günay and Tiryaki (2003) in order to realize the purpose. In conclusion, a positive and significant relationship was found between the consumption behavior intentions of the fans that support the three big teams in the Turkish Super League and their identification levels with their teams. In addition to this, Fenerbahçe supporters were found to display more identification with their teams compared to Galatasaray and Beşiktaş fans and Galatasaray fans were observed to have statistically more significant and higher means both in attendance and media consumption intentions compared to the fans of the two other big teams (p<0,05).



References

  • Algesheimer, R., Dholakia, U. M., & Hermann, A. (2005). The social influence of brand community: Evidence from European car clubs. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 19–34. Baller, S., & Cornellisen S. (2013). Introduction: Sport, Leisure and Consumption in Africa The International Journal of the History of Sport, 30(16), 1867-1876. Byon K.K, Zhang , J.J., & Baker, T. A. “Impact of core and peripheral service quality on consumption behavior of professional team sport spectators as mediated by perceived value” European Sport Management Quarterly. 13(2). pp. 232-263, 2013. Dalakas, V., & Kropp, F. “Attitudes of youth toward purchasing from sponsors: A crosscultural perspective” Journal of Euro marketing. 12(1). pp. 19-39, 2002. Fairley, S. (2003). In search of relived social experience: Group-based nostalgia sport tourism. Journal of Sport Management, 17, 284–304. Fairley, s., Green B.C.& Chalip, L. (2015) The effects of commitment and identification on consumption. Journal of Sport & Tourism. Vol. 19, No. 1, 55–78. Fink, J. S., Trail, G. T., & Anderson, D. F. An examination of team identification: which motives are most salient to the existence? International Sports Journal, 6(2), 195_207,2002. Fisher, R. J., & Wakefield, K. (1998). Factors leading to group identification: A field study of winners and losers. Psychology & Marketing, 15, 23–40. Funk, D. C., Mahony, D. F., & Ridinger, L. L. Characterizing consumer motivation as individual difference factors: Augmenting the sport interest inventory (SII) to explain level of spectator support,2002 Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity. Cambridge: Polity. Green, B. C. (2001). Leveraging subculture and identity to promote sport events. Sport Management Review, 4, 1–19. Green, B. C., & Jones, I. (2005). Serious leisure, social identity, and sport tourism. Sport in Society, 8(2), 164–181. Greenwood, P. B., Kanter M. A. & Casper, J.M. Sport Fan Team Identification Formation in Mid Level Professional Sport. European Sport Management Quarterly, 6:3, 253-265, 2006. Günay, N. ve Tiryaki, Ş. “Spor Taraftarı Özdeşleşme Ölçeğinin (STÖÖ) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması” Hacettepe University Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 1:14-26, 2003 Harolle, M., Trail, G., Rodriguez, A. ve Jordan, J. “Conative Loyalty of Latino and Non-Latino Professional Baseball Fans” Journal of Sport Management, 24:456-471, 2010. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/fenerbahce-bursaspor-maci-saat-kact---2046903-skorerhaber/ (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2015) Jones, I. A further examination of the factors influencing current identification with a sports team, a response to Wann et al. (1996). Perceptual and Motor Skills , 85, 257_258, 1997 Kim, Y.K., Trail, G.T., & Ko, Y.J. “The influence of relationship quality on sport consumption behaviors: An empirical examination of the relationship quality framework” Journal of Sport Management.25 (6). pp.576-592, 2011. Kim SK, Byon KK, Yu JG, Zhang JJ, Kim C. Social Motivations And Consumption Behavior Of Spectators Attending A Formula One Motor-Racıng Event Social Behavior And Personality 2013; 41(8):1359-1378. Kim JW, James JD, Kim YU. A model of the relationship among sport consumer motives, spectator commitment, and behavioral intentions Sport Management Review. 2013; 16:173-185. Kiremitci O., Demiray, E., Gencer, R.T., & Aycan, A. “Assessıng The Valıdıty And Relıabılıty Of The Sport Consumptıon Behavıor Scale On Turkısh Football Spectators” Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. 5(2). pp.11-20, 2014. Kwon, H. H., & Armstrong, K. L. (2002). Factors influencing impulse buying of sport licensed merchandise. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11, 151–163. Kwon, H. H., & Armstrong, K. L. (2006). Impulse purchase of sport team licensed merchandise: What matters? Journal of Sport Management, 20, 101–119. Kwon, H.H., & Kwak, D. H. “Revisiting the Team Identification-Value- Purchase Relationship in the Team- Licensed Merchandise Consumption Context: A Multidimensional Consumer Value Approach” Sport Marketing Quarterly. 23.pp.100-114, 2014. Laverie, D.A., & Arnett, D.B. “Factors affecting fan attendance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction” Journal of Leisure Research.32(2).pp.225–246, 2000. Laverie, D. A., & Arnett, D. B. (2000). Factors affecting fan attendance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 32, 225–246. Madrigal, R. (1995). Cognitive and affective determinants of fan satisfaction with sporting event attendance. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 205_227. Madrigal, R. “Social identity effects in a belief-attitude-intentions hierarchy: Implications for corporate sponsorship” Psychology and Marketing.18(2).pp.145-165, 1995. Matsuoka, H., Chelladurai, P., & Harada, M. (2003). Direct and interaction effects of team identification and satisfaction on intention to attend games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 244–253. McCracken, G. (1986). Culture and consumption: A theoretical account of the structure and movement of the cultural meaning of consumer goods. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 71–84. Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S., & Sutton, W. A., Sport marketing (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics , 2007. Pease, D. G., & Zhang, J. J. Differentiation of fan psychology with respect to sociodemographic backgrounds of NBA spectators. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, A100, 1996. Schouten, J. W., & McAlexander, J. H. (1995). Subcultures of consumption: An ethnography of the new bikers. Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 43–61. Schwartz, S. H. “Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries” In M. Zanna (Ed.). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.25. pp. 1-65,1992. Shao, Y. L. “An exploratory examination of the impact of personal values on sport consumption preferences and behaviors: A cross cultural study” Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2002. Torlak Ö., Özkara B.Y., & Dogan V. “The Effect of Spectators’ Level of Identification with Their Favorite Sports Teams on Their Perceived Quality and Purchase Intentions of Team-Licensed Products”. Ege Academic Revıew.14(1). pp. 73-81, 2014. Trail, G.T. & James, J. “The motivation scale for sport consumption: assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties” Journal of Sport Behaviour. 24.pp.108-127, 2001. Tsiotsou, R. “The Role of Perceived Product Quality and Overall Satisfaction on Purchase Intentions” International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30:207-17, 2006. Wakefield, K. L. The pervasive effects of social influence on sporting event attendance. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 19, 335_351, 1995. Wakefield, K.L. “The pervasive effects of social influence on sporting event attendance” Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 19. pp.335–351, 1995. Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 1_17,1993 Wann, D. L., & Dolan, T. J. Attributions of highly identified sports spectators. Journal of Social Psychology, 134(6), 783_794,1994. Wann, D. L., & Schrader, M. P. Team identification and the enjoyment of watching a sportinG event. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 954,1997. Wann, D. L., Roberts, A., & Tindall, J. The role of team performance, team identification, and self esteem in sport spectators’ game preferences. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89, 945_950, 1999.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section SPORT MANAGEMENT
Authors

Utku Işık

Aslan Kalkavan This is me

Seydi Karakuş

Publication Date September 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Işık, U., Kalkavan, A., & Karakuş, S. (2017). Relationship between identification levels of fans that support Turkish Super League’s three big football clubs with their teams and their consumer behavior intentions. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 8(3), 1-11.