Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 208 - 213, 06.09.2020

Abstract

References

  • 1. Ağyar E. Contribution of perceived freedom and leisure satisfaction to life satisfaction in a sample of Turkish women. Social İndicators Research, 2014; 116: 1-15.
  • 2. Akgül BM, Ertüzün E, Karaküçük S. Leisure benefit scale: a study of validity and reliability. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018; 23(1): 25-34.
  • 3. Chen CC, Cheng CH, Lin SY. The relationship between leisure involvement, leisure benefits, and happiness of elementary schoolteachers in Tainan country. İnternational Research in Education, 2013; 1(1): 29-51.
  • 4. Çuhadar A, Er Y, Demirel M, Demirel DH. Bireyleri rekreasyonel amaçlı egzersize motive eden faktörlerin incelenmesi. Spormetre, 2019; 17(3): 153-161.
  • 5. Demirel DH, Demirel M, Serdar, E. University students’ opinions of the meaning of leisure and their perceived freedom ın leisure. Journal of Human Sciences, 2017; 14(1): 796-802.
  • 6. Demirel M, Demirel, DH, Serdar, E. Constraints and perceived freedom levels ın the leisure of unıversity students. Journal of Human Sciences, 2017; 14(1): 789-795.
  • 7. Doğan MN. Hukuk fakültesi öğrencilerinin rekreasyonel aktivitelerden elde ettikleri faydaların ve mutluluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans, Ankara. 2018.
  • 8. Durhan, TA, Karaküçük S. Çocuklarıyla baby gym aktivitelerine katılan ebeveynlerin rekreasyon fayda düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2017; 2(4): 43-53.
  • 9. Ellis GD, Witt PA. The measurement of perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 1984; 16: 110-123.

  • 10. Eskiler E, Yıldız Y, Ayhan C. The effect of leisure benefits on leisure satisfaction: Extreme sports. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 2019; 21(1): 16-20.
  • 11. Gürbüz B, Çimen Z, Aydın İ. Serbest zaman ilgilenim ölçeği: Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Spormetre, 2018; 16(4): 256-265.
  • 12. Gürbüz B, Henderson K. Leisure activity preferences and constraints to leisure: perspectives from Turkey. World Leisure Journal, 2014; 56(4): 300-316.
  • 13. Gürbüz S, Şahin F. Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Gözden geçirilmiş ve güncellenmiş 3. basım. Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara. 2016. 14. Harrington M. Practices and meaning of purposive family leisure among working- and middle-class families. Leisure Studies, 2014; 34(4): 471-486.
  • 15. Ho TK. A study of leisure attitudes and benefits for senior high school students at ping-tung city and country in Taiwan (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). United States Sports Academy. Daphne, AL. 2008.
  • 16. Hsieh MC. (2009). The study on users’ participation motivation and leisure benefits of yang ming sport park in Taoyuan City. Journal of Management, 2008; 1(2): 31- 57.
  • 17. Janke MC, Carpenter G, Payne LL, Stockard J. The role of life experiences on perceptions of leisure during adulthood: A longitudinal analysis. Leisure Sciences, 2010; 33(1): 52-69,
  • 18. Kara FM, Gürbüz B, Kılıç SK, Öncü E. Beden eğitimi öğretmeni adaylarının serbest zaman sıkılma algısı, yaşam doyumu ve sosyal bağlılık düzeylerinin i̇ncelenmesi. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 2017; 6(12): 342-357.
  • 19. Kara FM. Internet addiction: Relationship with perceived freedom in leisure, perception of boredom and sensation seeking. Higher Education Studies, 2019; 9(2): 131-140.
  • 20. Lapa TY. Life satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom of park recreation participants. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013; 93: 1985-1993.
  • 21. Lapa TY, Ağyar E. Cross-Cultural adaptation of perceived freedom in leisure scale. World Applied Sciences Journal, 2011; 14(7): 980-986.
  • 22. Lapa TY, Kaas ET. Serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlük ölçeği-25: Üniversite öğrencileri için yapı geçerliğinin sınanması. Journal of Human Sciences, 2019; 16(4): 1071-1083.
  • 23. Lapa, YT, Ağyar E. Üniversite öğrencilerinin serbest zaman katılımlarına göre algılanan özgürlük. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2012; 23(1): 24-33.

  • 24. Lee YD, Lin HC. Leisure motivation and life satisfaction: Test of mediating effect of leisure benefit. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 2011; 32(3): 749-761
  • 25. Neulinger J. The psychology of leisure (2nd ed.). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. 1981.
  • 26. Öztürk ÖT, Soytürk M, Serin S. University students’ perpcetions of freedom in leisure. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2019; 7(3): 803-810.
  • 27. Poulsen AA, Ziviani JM, Cuskelly M. Perceived freedom in leisure and physical co-ordination ability: Impact on out-of-school activity participation and life satisfaction. Child: Care, Health and Development, 2007; 33: 432–440.
  • 28. Sarol H, Çimen Z. Why people participate leisure time physical activity: a Turkish perspective. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. 2017; 8(1): 63-72.
  • 29. Serdar E, Ay, SM. Üniversite öğrencilerinin katıldıkları serbest zaman etkinliklerinden tatmin olma ve algılanan özgürlük düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016; 6(2): 34-44.
  • 30. Serdar E, Demirel DH, Demirel M, Sarol H. Serbest zaman sıkılma algısı ile algılanan özgürlük arasındaki ilişki. II. Dünya Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Kongresi, 21-24 Mart 2019, Manisa, Türkiye.
  • 31. Siegenthaler KL, O’Dell I. Leisure attitude, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom in leisure within family dyads. Leisure Sciences, 2000; 22: 281-296. 32. Stumbo NJ, Peterson CA. Therapeutic recreation program desing (4th ed). San Francisco: Darly Fox. 2004.
  • 33. Verghese J, LeValley A, Derby C, Kuslansky G, Katz M, Hall C, Buschke H, Lipton RB. Leisure activities and the risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Neurology, 2006; 66: 821–827.
  • 34. Witt PA, Ellis GD. Development of a short form to assess perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 1985; 17(3): 225-223.
  • 35. Wu HC, Liu A, Wang, CH. Taiwanese university students' perceived freedom and participation in leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 2010; 13(4): 679-700.
  • 36. Yurcu G. Turistlerin kişilerarası ilişki tarzları, boş zaman motivasyonları ve boş zaman tatminleri ilişkisi: Antalya/Kemer/Beldibi örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies. 2017; 5(4): 200-226.
  • 37. Yüksel E, Ayhan C, Yalçın İ. Serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlük ve tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişki: Engelli bireyler eğitmenleri. ERPA İnternational Congresses on Education, 19-22 June 2019. Sakarya, Türkiye.

The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 208 - 213, 06.09.2020

Abstract

This study aims to determine the differences between the levels of perceived freedom in leisure and the leisure benefits in terms of specific socio-demographic characteristics of the students studying in the faculty of sports sciences, the predictive power of the levels of the perceived freedom in leisure on their leisure benefit levels. A total of 318 participants, including 199 male and 119 female, studying in different sports sciences faculties selected by the convenience sampling method, constitute the sample. In addition to the Personal Information Form, the “Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale-25” developed by Witt and Ellis (34) and firstly adapted to Turkish by Lapa and Kaas (22) and the “Leisure Benefit Scale” developed by Ho (15) and adapted to Turkish by Akgül et al. (2) were used as data collecting tools in the study. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA, and regression analysis were adopted in the analysis of the data. The independent t-test results showed no significant difference between the levels of individuals' perceived leisure levels by their gender. The ANOVA results showed no difference between the participants' satisfaction status and the levels of perceived freedom in leisure per week. The MANOVA results showed that the effect of individuals’ gender, welfare status, and weekly leisure on their leisure benefit levels was not significant and that there were no statistical differences between the sub-dimensions. To the results of regression analysis, the perceived freedom in leisure is an important predictor of leisure benefit. Consequently, the research revealed that the levels of perceived freedom in leisure and leisure benefit do not differ based on socio-demographic characteristics and that the perceived freedom in leisure is an essential factor in participants' benefits.

References

  • 1. Ağyar E. Contribution of perceived freedom and leisure satisfaction to life satisfaction in a sample of Turkish women. Social İndicators Research, 2014; 116: 1-15.
  • 2. Akgül BM, Ertüzün E, Karaküçük S. Leisure benefit scale: a study of validity and reliability. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018; 23(1): 25-34.
  • 3. Chen CC, Cheng CH, Lin SY. The relationship between leisure involvement, leisure benefits, and happiness of elementary schoolteachers in Tainan country. İnternational Research in Education, 2013; 1(1): 29-51.
  • 4. Çuhadar A, Er Y, Demirel M, Demirel DH. Bireyleri rekreasyonel amaçlı egzersize motive eden faktörlerin incelenmesi. Spormetre, 2019; 17(3): 153-161.
  • 5. Demirel DH, Demirel M, Serdar, E. University students’ opinions of the meaning of leisure and their perceived freedom ın leisure. Journal of Human Sciences, 2017; 14(1): 796-802.
  • 6. Demirel M, Demirel, DH, Serdar, E. Constraints and perceived freedom levels ın the leisure of unıversity students. Journal of Human Sciences, 2017; 14(1): 789-795.
  • 7. Doğan MN. Hukuk fakültesi öğrencilerinin rekreasyonel aktivitelerden elde ettikleri faydaların ve mutluluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans, Ankara. 2018.
  • 8. Durhan, TA, Karaküçük S. Çocuklarıyla baby gym aktivitelerine katılan ebeveynlerin rekreasyon fayda düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2017; 2(4): 43-53.
  • 9. Ellis GD, Witt PA. The measurement of perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 1984; 16: 110-123.

  • 10. Eskiler E, Yıldız Y, Ayhan C. The effect of leisure benefits on leisure satisfaction: Extreme sports. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 2019; 21(1): 16-20.
  • 11. Gürbüz B, Çimen Z, Aydın İ. Serbest zaman ilgilenim ölçeği: Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Spormetre, 2018; 16(4): 256-265.
  • 12. Gürbüz B, Henderson K. Leisure activity preferences and constraints to leisure: perspectives from Turkey. World Leisure Journal, 2014; 56(4): 300-316.
  • 13. Gürbüz S, Şahin F. Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Gözden geçirilmiş ve güncellenmiş 3. basım. Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara. 2016. 14. Harrington M. Practices and meaning of purposive family leisure among working- and middle-class families. Leisure Studies, 2014; 34(4): 471-486.
  • 15. Ho TK. A study of leisure attitudes and benefits for senior high school students at ping-tung city and country in Taiwan (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). United States Sports Academy. Daphne, AL. 2008.
  • 16. Hsieh MC. (2009). The study on users’ participation motivation and leisure benefits of yang ming sport park in Taoyuan City. Journal of Management, 2008; 1(2): 31- 57.
  • 17. Janke MC, Carpenter G, Payne LL, Stockard J. The role of life experiences on perceptions of leisure during adulthood: A longitudinal analysis. Leisure Sciences, 2010; 33(1): 52-69,
  • 18. Kara FM, Gürbüz B, Kılıç SK, Öncü E. Beden eğitimi öğretmeni adaylarının serbest zaman sıkılma algısı, yaşam doyumu ve sosyal bağlılık düzeylerinin i̇ncelenmesi. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 2017; 6(12): 342-357.
  • 19. Kara FM. Internet addiction: Relationship with perceived freedom in leisure, perception of boredom and sensation seeking. Higher Education Studies, 2019; 9(2): 131-140.
  • 20. Lapa TY. Life satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom of park recreation participants. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013; 93: 1985-1993.
  • 21. Lapa TY, Ağyar E. Cross-Cultural adaptation of perceived freedom in leisure scale. World Applied Sciences Journal, 2011; 14(7): 980-986.
  • 22. Lapa TY, Kaas ET. Serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlük ölçeği-25: Üniversite öğrencileri için yapı geçerliğinin sınanması. Journal of Human Sciences, 2019; 16(4): 1071-1083.
  • 23. Lapa, YT, Ağyar E. Üniversite öğrencilerinin serbest zaman katılımlarına göre algılanan özgürlük. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2012; 23(1): 24-33.

  • 24. Lee YD, Lin HC. Leisure motivation and life satisfaction: Test of mediating effect of leisure benefit. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 2011; 32(3): 749-761
  • 25. Neulinger J. The psychology of leisure (2nd ed.). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. 1981.
  • 26. Öztürk ÖT, Soytürk M, Serin S. University students’ perpcetions of freedom in leisure. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2019; 7(3): 803-810.
  • 27. Poulsen AA, Ziviani JM, Cuskelly M. Perceived freedom in leisure and physical co-ordination ability: Impact on out-of-school activity participation and life satisfaction. Child: Care, Health and Development, 2007; 33: 432–440.
  • 28. Sarol H, Çimen Z. Why people participate leisure time physical activity: a Turkish perspective. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. 2017; 8(1): 63-72.
  • 29. Serdar E, Ay, SM. Üniversite öğrencilerinin katıldıkları serbest zaman etkinliklerinden tatmin olma ve algılanan özgürlük düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016; 6(2): 34-44.
  • 30. Serdar E, Demirel DH, Demirel M, Sarol H. Serbest zaman sıkılma algısı ile algılanan özgürlük arasındaki ilişki. II. Dünya Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Kongresi, 21-24 Mart 2019, Manisa, Türkiye.
  • 31. Siegenthaler KL, O’Dell I. Leisure attitude, leisure satisfaction and perceived freedom in leisure within family dyads. Leisure Sciences, 2000; 22: 281-296. 32. Stumbo NJ, Peterson CA. Therapeutic recreation program desing (4th ed). San Francisco: Darly Fox. 2004.
  • 33. Verghese J, LeValley A, Derby C, Kuslansky G, Katz M, Hall C, Buschke H, Lipton RB. Leisure activities and the risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Neurology, 2006; 66: 821–827.
  • 34. Witt PA, Ellis GD. Development of a short form to assess perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 1985; 17(3): 225-223.
  • 35. Wu HC, Liu A, Wang, CH. Taiwanese university students' perceived freedom and participation in leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 2010; 13(4): 679-700.
  • 36. Yurcu G. Turistlerin kişilerarası ilişki tarzları, boş zaman motivasyonları ve boş zaman tatminleri ilişkisi: Antalya/Kemer/Beldibi örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies. 2017; 5(4): 200-226.
  • 37. Yüksel E, Ayhan C, Yalçın İ. Serbest zamanda algılanan özgürlük ve tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişki: Engelli bireyler eğitmenleri. ERPA İnternational Congresses on Education, 19-22 June 2019. Sakarya, Türkiye.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emrah Serdar 0000-0003-2438-6748

Publication Date September 6, 2020
Acceptance Date September 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Serdar, E. (2020). The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 22(2), 208-213.
AMA Serdar E. The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science. Turk J Sport Exe. September 2020;22(2):208-213.
Chicago Serdar, Emrah. “The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22, no. 2 (September 2020): 208-13.
EndNote Serdar E (September 1, 2020) The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22 2 208–213.
IEEE E. Serdar, “The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science”, Turk J Sport Exe, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 208–213, 2020.
ISNAD Serdar, Emrah. “The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22/2 (September 2020), 208-213.
JAMA Serdar E. The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science. Turk J Sport Exe. 2020;22:208–213.
MLA Serdar, Emrah. “The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, vol. 22, no. 2, 2020, pp. 208-13.
Vancouver Serdar E. The Effects of Perceived Freedom in Leisure on Leisure Benefits: Students of The Faculty of Sports Science. Turk J Sport Exe. 2020;22(2):208-13.

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