Araştırma Makalesi
Çocuk Atletizminin 10-12 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarda Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametrelerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı, Çocuk Atletizm programında yer alan bazı oyunların yer aldığı 12 haftalık antrenman programının, 10-12 yaş grubu çocuklardaki fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Ortaokulda eğitim öğretim gören 41 öğrenci çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Kontrol grubunun (n=20; 8 kız, 12 erkek) yaş ortalamaları 11,3 ± 0,47 yıl; boy uzunluğu 145.58 ± 10,62 cm iken deney grubunun (n=21; 8 kız, 3 erkek) yaş ortalamaları 11,3 ± 0,47 yıl; boy uzunluğu 142.44 ± 7.90 cm’dir. 12 haftalık periyot öncesi ve sonrası Dordel-Koch Testi (yanlara sıçrama, denge, durarak uzun atlama, mekik, şınav, esneklik ve 6 dk. koşu) uygulanmıştır. Antrenman periyodu üç ay (12 hafta), haftada da üç gün, günde 80 dk. olarak yapılmıştır Atletizm antrenmanları deney ve kontrol grubunda ortak program olarak uygulanmıştır. Ancak birim antrenman içeriğine deney grubunda Çocuk Atletizmi dâhil edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS (17.0) paket programında Karışık Ölçümlerde ANOVA uygulanmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulguların ön test ve son test değerleri arasındaki etki büyüklüklerini incelemek için Cohen d formülasyonu kullanılmıştır. Karışık ölçümler ANOVA veri analizi sonuçlarına göre, müdahale programı öncesi ve sonrası gruplarda meydan gelen farklılık birbiri ile karşılaştırıldığında grup içinde denge, durarak uzun atlama, yanlara sıçrama, 40 sn. şınav değerlerinde anlamlı değişim görülürken gruplar arasında ise denge, esneklik, 40 sn. mekik ve şınav değerlerinde pozitif yönde gelişmiştir. Etki büyüklüğü açısından esneklik, 40 sn. mekik ve şınav değerleri kontrol grubu ile deney grubu arasında büyük etkiye sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, çocuk atletizm uygulamalarının esneklik büyük derecede etki oluştururken tek ayak üzerinde denge, 40 sn. mekik ve 40 sn. şınav orta derecede etkinin yansıdığı görülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abhaydev, C. S., Bhukar, J., & Thapa, R. K. (2020). Effects of IAAF Kid’s Athletics Programme on Psychological and Motor Abilities of Sedentary School Going Children. Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 20(4), 234-241.
- Aktuğ, Z.B., Vural, Ş. N., & İbiş,S. (2019b). The effect of theraband exercises on motor performance and swimming degree of young swimmers. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 21(2), 238-243.
- Asan, S., Altuğ, T., & Çingöz, Y. E. (2021). An Investigation of the Effect of 12-Week Gymnastics and Ballet Training on Balance and Flexibility Skills in Preschool Children. Education Quarterly Reviews, 4(2).
- Blatsis, P. (2017). Η επίδραση του “IAAF Kids Athletics” στην κινητική απόδοση των μαθητών/τριών 11-12 ετών και στα κίνητρα συμμετοχής τους στον κλασικό αθλητισμό και στη Φυσική Αγωγή (Doctoral dissertation, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)).
- Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public health reports, 100(2), 126-131.
- Clark, J. E., & Metcalfe, J. S. (2002). The mountain of motor development: A metaphor. Motor development: Research and reviews, 2(163-190), 183-202.
- Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.
- Çalık, S.U., Kamiş, O., Pekel, H. A., & Aydos, L. (2019). IAAF Çocuk atletizm programının ortaokul öğrencilerinin bazı fiziksel uygunluk testlerine etkisi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(1), 51-61.
- Dordel, S., & Koch, B. (2004). Basistest zur Erfassung der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln (test for the assessment of motor performance of children and adolescents. German Sport University Cologne, Germany, article in German) https://fitnessolympiade. de/dkt_test.
- Dowda, M., Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Rosengard, P., & Kohl III, H. W. (2005). Evaluating the sustainability of SPARK physical education: a case study of translating research into practice. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 76(1), 11-19.
- Faigenbaum, A. D., & Myer, G. D. (2012). Exercise deficit disorder in youth: play now or pay later. Current sports medicine reports, 11(4), 196-200.
- García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Campillo, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2019). Is muscular fitness associated with future health benefits in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Sports Medicine, 49(7), 1079-1094. Gorana, T., Jakovljević, V., Stanković, V., & Bošnjak, G. (2016). Exercıses Program Of Kıd’s Athletıcs As A Means Of Improvement Of Motor Abılıtıes.
- Gozzoli,C., Locatelli, E., Massin,D., & Wangemann, B. (2002). IAAF Kids' Athletıcs - A Team Event For Chıldren. First Edit.
- Graham, G., Holt-Hale, S. and Parker, M. 2007. Children moving: A reflective approach to teaching physical education , 7th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Haslofça, F. (2009). İlköğretim Okullarında Ders İçi ve Ders Dışı “Çocuk Atletizmi” Uygulamalarının Oluşturacağı Motivasyonel İklimin Hedef Yönelimler Üzerine Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü – Beden Eğitimi ve Spor - Sporda Psikososyal Alanlar Anabilim Dalı, İzmir.
- Hohmann, A., & Siener, M. (2021). Talent Identification in Youth Soccer: Prognosis of U17 Soccer Performance on the Basis of General Athleticism and Talent Promotion Interventions in Second-Grade Children. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 48.
- Hovey, P., Meeker, W. Q., & Li, M. (2009, March). Joint estimation of the flaw size distribution and POD function. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1096, No. 1, pp. 1832-1839). American Institute of Physics.
- İri, R. ve Aktuğ, Z.B. (2017). “Spor Yapan Çocuklar İle Spor Yapmayan Çocukların Motor Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması”. 2. Uluslararası Herkes İçin Spor ve Wellness Kongresi 25-28 Nisan Antalya-Alanya
- Kılıç, O., & Cinoğlu, M. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. İstanbul: Lisans Yayıncılık.
- Lämmle, C., Kobel, S., Wartha, O., Wirt, T., & M.Steinacker, J. (2016). Intervention effects of a school-based health promotion program on children’s motor skills. Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0715-x
- Lieberman, D. C. (Ed.). (2010). Aerobic Exercise and Athletic Performance: Types, Duration, and Health Benefits. Nova Science Publisher's, Incorporated.
- Luepker, R. V., Perry, C. L., McKinlay, S. M., Nader, P. R., Parcel, G. S., Stone, E. J., ... & Verter, J. (1996). Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). Jama, 275(10), 768-776.
- Mintjens, S., Menting, M. D., Daams, J. G., van Poppel, M. N., Roseboom, T. J., & Gemke, R. J. (2018). Cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence affects future cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports Medicine, 48(11), 2577-2605.
- Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. International journal of obesity, 32(1), 1-11.
- Pate, R. R., Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Felton, G., Dishman, R. K., & Dowda, M. (2005). Promotion of physical activity among high-school girls: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of public health, 95(9), 1582-1587.
- Petros, B., Ploutarhos, S., Vasilios, B., Vasiliki, M., Konstantinos, T., Stamatia, P., & Christos, H. (2016). The effect of IAAF Kids Athletics on the physical fitness and motivation of elementary school students in track and field. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(3), 882.
- Rubiyatno, R. (2014). Peranan aktivitas olahraga bagi tumbuh kembang anak. Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga, 3(1), 54-64.
- Rumini, R. (2014). Pembelajaran Permaınan Kıds’atlhletıcs Sebagaı Wujud Pengembangan Gerak Dasar Atletık Pada Anak-Anak. Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport, 1(2), 98-107.
- Schlag, E., Ferrari, N., Koch, B., Dordel, S., & Joisten, C. (2021). Secular trends in motor performance of children and adolescents between 2010 and 2020. Translational Sports Medicine, 4(6), 882-891.
- Seyrek, E., Ağdeviren, D.,& Kale,M. (2017). IAAF çocuk atletizmi oyunlarının 11-12 yaş grubu çocukların 1000m dayanıklılık koşu performansına etkisi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 74-80.
- Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., ... & Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. The Journal of pediatrics, 146(6), 732-737.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed., pp. 1–983). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2015). Quality physical education: Guidelines for policy- makers. Paris: Author.
- Valantine, I., Madic, D., & Sporis, G. (2017). Effects of invasion games on physical fitness in primary school children. Exercise and Quality of Life, 9(1), 15-22.
- Weiss, M. R. (2000). Motivating kids in physical activity. President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest.
- Willwéber, T. (2016). Effectiveness of The “IAAF Kıds' athletıcs Project” in Levelling Changes of General Physical Performance Among Boys of Early School Age. Journal of Physical Education & Health-Social Perspective, 5(8), 21-28.
Investigation of The Effects of Kids’ Athletics on Physical Fitness Parameters of 10-12 Age Group Children
Öz
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week training which included some games of Kids’ Athletics program on physical fitness parameters in children aged 10-12. 41 female and male students participated in the study voluntarily. Control group’s (n=20; 8 girls, 12 boys) mean age was 11.3 ± 0.47 years; the mean height was 145.58 ± 10,62 cm. The experimental group’s (n=21; 8 girls,-13 boys) mean age was 11.3 ± 0.47 years, the mean height was 142.44 ± 7.90 cm. In the study, Dordel-Koch Test was applied before and after the 12-week period. The training period was three months (12 weeks), three days a week, and 80 minutes a day. Athletics trainings were applied as a joint program in the experimental and control groups. However, Kids’ Athletics games in the experimental group were included in the unit training content. An ANOVA with mixed measures was applied using the SPSS (17.0) package program. The significance level was evaluated as p<0.05. Cohen d formulation was used to examine the effect sizes between the pretest and posttest scores. As a results of the mixed measures ANOVA, there were significant changes in the balance, standing long jump, sideways jump, 40 second push-up values within the group during the training period, while balance, flexibility, 40 second sit-up and push-up values improved between the groups. In terms of effect size, flexibility, 40 second sit-up and push-up have a great effect between the groups. As a result; Kids’ Athletics have a great effect on flexibility, while balance on one leg, 40 seconds of sit-ups and push-ups are seen to have a moderate effect.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abhaydev, C. S., Bhukar, J., & Thapa, R. K. (2020). Effects of IAAF Kid’s Athletics Programme on Psychological and Motor Abilities of Sedentary School Going Children. Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 20(4), 234-241.
- Aktuğ, Z.B., Vural, Ş. N., & İbiş,S. (2019b). The effect of theraband exercises on motor performance and swimming degree of young swimmers. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 21(2), 238-243.
- Asan, S., Altuğ, T., & Çingöz, Y. E. (2021). An Investigation of the Effect of 12-Week Gymnastics and Ballet Training on Balance and Flexibility Skills in Preschool Children. Education Quarterly Reviews, 4(2).
- Blatsis, P. (2017). Η επίδραση του “IAAF Kids Athletics” στην κινητική απόδοση των μαθητών/τριών 11-12 ετών και στα κίνητρα συμμετοχής τους στον κλασικό αθλητισμό και στη Φυσική Αγωγή (Doctoral dissertation, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)).
- Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public health reports, 100(2), 126-131.
- Clark, J. E., & Metcalfe, J. S. (2002). The mountain of motor development: A metaphor. Motor development: Research and reviews, 2(163-190), 183-202.
- Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.
- Çalık, S.U., Kamiş, O., Pekel, H. A., & Aydos, L. (2019). IAAF Çocuk atletizm programının ortaokul öğrencilerinin bazı fiziksel uygunluk testlerine etkisi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(1), 51-61.
- Dordel, S., & Koch, B. (2004). Basistest zur Erfassung der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln (test for the assessment of motor performance of children and adolescents. German Sport University Cologne, Germany, article in German) https://fitnessolympiade. de/dkt_test.
- Dowda, M., Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Rosengard, P., & Kohl III, H. W. (2005). Evaluating the sustainability of SPARK physical education: a case study of translating research into practice. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 76(1), 11-19.
- Faigenbaum, A. D., & Myer, G. D. (2012). Exercise deficit disorder in youth: play now or pay later. Current sports medicine reports, 11(4), 196-200.
- García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Campillo, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2019). Is muscular fitness associated with future health benefits in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Sports Medicine, 49(7), 1079-1094. Gorana, T., Jakovljević, V., Stanković, V., & Bošnjak, G. (2016). Exercıses Program Of Kıd’s Athletıcs As A Means Of Improvement Of Motor Abılıtıes.
- Gozzoli,C., Locatelli, E., Massin,D., & Wangemann, B. (2002). IAAF Kids' Athletıcs - A Team Event For Chıldren. First Edit.
- Graham, G., Holt-Hale, S. and Parker, M. 2007. Children moving: A reflective approach to teaching physical education , 7th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Haslofça, F. (2009). İlköğretim Okullarında Ders İçi ve Ders Dışı “Çocuk Atletizmi” Uygulamalarının Oluşturacağı Motivasyonel İklimin Hedef Yönelimler Üzerine Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü – Beden Eğitimi ve Spor - Sporda Psikososyal Alanlar Anabilim Dalı, İzmir.
- Hohmann, A., & Siener, M. (2021). Talent Identification in Youth Soccer: Prognosis of U17 Soccer Performance on the Basis of General Athleticism and Talent Promotion Interventions in Second-Grade Children. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 48.
- Hovey, P., Meeker, W. Q., & Li, M. (2009, March). Joint estimation of the flaw size distribution and POD function. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1096, No. 1, pp. 1832-1839). American Institute of Physics.
- İri, R. ve Aktuğ, Z.B. (2017). “Spor Yapan Çocuklar İle Spor Yapmayan Çocukların Motor Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması”. 2. Uluslararası Herkes İçin Spor ve Wellness Kongresi 25-28 Nisan Antalya-Alanya
- Kılıç, O., & Cinoğlu, M. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. İstanbul: Lisans Yayıncılık.
- Lämmle, C., Kobel, S., Wartha, O., Wirt, T., & M.Steinacker, J. (2016). Intervention effects of a school-based health promotion program on children’s motor skills. Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0715-x
- Lieberman, D. C. (Ed.). (2010). Aerobic Exercise and Athletic Performance: Types, Duration, and Health Benefits. Nova Science Publisher's, Incorporated.
- Luepker, R. V., Perry, C. L., McKinlay, S. M., Nader, P. R., Parcel, G. S., Stone, E. J., ... & Verter, J. (1996). Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). Jama, 275(10), 768-776.
- Mintjens, S., Menting, M. D., Daams, J. G., van Poppel, M. N., Roseboom, T. J., & Gemke, R. J. (2018). Cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence affects future cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports Medicine, 48(11), 2577-2605.
- Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. International journal of obesity, 32(1), 1-11.
- Pate, R. R., Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Felton, G., Dishman, R. K., & Dowda, M. (2005). Promotion of physical activity among high-school girls: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of public health, 95(9), 1582-1587.
- Petros, B., Ploutarhos, S., Vasilios, B., Vasiliki, M., Konstantinos, T., Stamatia, P., & Christos, H. (2016). The effect of IAAF Kids Athletics on the physical fitness and motivation of elementary school students in track and field. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(3), 882.
- Rubiyatno, R. (2014). Peranan aktivitas olahraga bagi tumbuh kembang anak. Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga, 3(1), 54-64.
- Rumini, R. (2014). Pembelajaran Permaınan Kıds’atlhletıcs Sebagaı Wujud Pengembangan Gerak Dasar Atletık Pada Anak-Anak. Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport, 1(2), 98-107.
- Schlag, E., Ferrari, N., Koch, B., Dordel, S., & Joisten, C. (2021). Secular trends in motor performance of children and adolescents between 2010 and 2020. Translational Sports Medicine, 4(6), 882-891.
- Seyrek, E., Ağdeviren, D.,& Kale,M. (2017). IAAF çocuk atletizmi oyunlarının 11-12 yaş grubu çocukların 1000m dayanıklılık koşu performansına etkisi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 74-80.
- Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., ... & Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. The Journal of pediatrics, 146(6), 732-737.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed., pp. 1–983). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2015). Quality physical education: Guidelines for policy- makers. Paris: Author.
- Valantine, I., Madic, D., & Sporis, G. (2017). Effects of invasion games on physical fitness in primary school children. Exercise and Quality of Life, 9(1), 15-22.
- Weiss, M. R. (2000). Motivating kids in physical activity. President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest.
- Willwéber, T. (2016). Effectiveness of The “IAAF Kıds' athletıcs Project” in Levelling Changes of General Physical Performance Among Boys of Early School Age. Journal of Physical Education & Health-Social Perspective, 5(8), 21-28.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar |
| Bölüm | Research Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2 |
