Investigation on the Effect of Coating Temperature on the Properties of NbC Layer Coated with Pack Cementation Technique on GGG70 Nodular Graphite Cast Iron Surface
Öz
Nodular Graphite Cast Irons stand out with their high castability, high strength, vibration damping and high loading capacity. With today's technologies, the surface properties of materials can be improved by coating them with various methods and high-performance engineering materials can be obtained. Pack Cementation Technique is preferred among coating methods due to its relatively lower cost and applicability. In this study, it was aimed to coat NbC on the surface of GGG70 Nodular Graphite Cast Iron using the Pack Cementation Technique at 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C for 6 hours. The effect of temperature on the properties of the resulting coating layers was investigated. For this purpose, the surface morphologies of the samples were examined and their fracture toughness and hardness values were obtained. Coating morphologies were examined by XRD, optical microscope and SEM analysis and changes in coating structure and thickness were obtained. When the results were examined, it was determined that the coating thickness increased with the increase in coating temperature. Accordingly, it was observed that the fracture toughness value of the coatings first increased and then decreased slightly. Microhardness values increased approximately 5 times in the coating areas.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Nodular Graphite Cast Iron NbC Coating Fracture Toughness Microhardness
Kaynakça
- Cai X., Xu Y., Microstructure, friction and wear of NbC coatings on a Fe substrate fabricated via an in situ reaction, Surface & Coatings Technology, 322, 202–210, 2017.
- Cai X., Xu Y., Zhao N, Zhong L., Zhao Z., Wang J., Investigation of the adhesion strength and deformation behaviour of in situ fabricated NbC coatings by scratch testing, Surface & Coatings Technology, 299, 135–142, 2016.
- Cai X., Xu Y., Zhong L., Zhao N., Yan Y., Kinetics of niobium carbide reinforced composite coating produced in situ, Vacuum, 119, 239-244, 2015b.
- Cai X., Zhong L., Wang J., Shao T., Zhao N., Xu Y., Microstructure and Hardness of NbC Coating Produced in situ, Advanced Materials Research, 1120-1121, 745-745, 2015a.
- Chen L., Li Y., Zhao Z., Zheng Q., Yi D., Li X., Peng J., Sun L., First-principles calculation of the adhesion work, fracture toughness and tensile behavior of the Fe/MCs (M = Nb and Ta) interfaces by two different optimization methods, Chemical Physics, 547, 111193, 2021a.
- Chen L., Yu T., Xu P., Zhang B., in situ NbC reinforced Fe-based coating by laser cladding: Simulation and experiment, Surface & Coatings Technology 412,127027, 2021b.
- Erdoğan A., Investigation of high temperature dry sliding behavior of borided H13 hot work tool steel with nanoboron powder, Surface & Coatings Technology 357, 886–895, 2019.
- Fernandes L.M., Lopes J.C., Volpato R. S., Diniz A.E., Oliveira R.F.M., Aguiar P. R., Mello H. J., Bianchi E.C., Comparative analysis of two CBN grinding wheels performance in nodular cast iron plunge grinding, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 98, 237–249, 2018.
- Günen A., Açıkgöz H. H., Çavdar F, Karahan İ. H., A Response Surface Study on The Grown Behavior and Some Mechanıcal Properties of Niobium Carbide Coatings, Surface Review and Letters, 30(9), 2350058(1-15), 2023a.
- Günen A., Açıkgöz H. H., Karahan İ. H., Niobium Carbide Coatings Grown on Cold Work Tool Steel AISI D3 by Thermomechanical Processing: Characterization, Wear and Corrosion Behaviors, Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 59: 4, 648–670. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2023c.
- Günen A., Açıkgöz H. H., Keddam M., Karahan İ. H., Characterizations and Kinetics of Refractory Niobium Carbide Coatings on AISI D3 Steel, JMEPEG, 32:8972–8980, 2023b.
- Günen A., Soylu B., Karakaş Ö., Titanium carbide coating to improve surface characteristic, wear and corrosion resistance of spheroidal graphite cast irons, Surface & Coatings Technology, 437, 128280, 2022.
- Kan W. H., Albino C, Dias-da-Costa D. Dolman K., Lucey T., Tang X., Chang L., Proust G., Cairney J., Microstructure characterisation and mechanical properties of a functionally-graded NbC/high chromium white cast iron composite, Materials Characterization 136, 196–205, 2018.
- Karaca B. and Şimşir M., The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of Camshaft made of GGG70 Series Spherical Graphite Cast Iron, Acta Physica Polonica A, 135(4), 811-818, 2019.
- Karamış M.B., Yıldızlı K., Surface modification of nodular cast iron: A comparative study on graphite elimination, Materials Science and Engineering A, 527, 5225–5229, 2010.
- Kulka M., Makuch N., Piasecki A., Nanomechanical characterization and fracture toughness of FeB and Fe2B iron borides produced by gas boriding of Armco iron, Surf. Coat. Technol. 325, 515–532, 2017.
- Mariani F. E., Rego G. C., Bonella P. G., Neto A. L., Totten G. E., Casteletti L. C., Wear Resistance of Niobium Carbide Layers Produced on Gray Cast Iron by Thermoreactive Treatments JMEPEG, 29:3516–3522, 2020.
- Megahed H., El-Kashif E., Shash A. Y., Essam M. A., Effect of holding time, thickness and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of compacted graphite cast iron, jmaterrestechnol. 8(1),1188–1196, 2019.
- Okay F., Sert H., Habalı K., Gül F., Effect of TiN Coating by Physical Vapour Deposition on the Wear Behaviour of Austempered Ductile Iron, J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. 25(4), 787-794, 2010.
- Peng S., Xu J., Li Z., Jiang S., Xie Z.H., Munroe P., Electrochemical noise analysis of cavitation erosion corrosion resistance of NbC nanocrystalline coating in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, Surface & Coatings Technology 415, 127133, 2021.
- Zhao N., Xua Y., Fu Y., Mechanical properties of one-step in situ synthesized NbC-Fe composite coating, Surface & Coatings Technology 309, 1105–1110, 2017.
- Zhong L., Wei J., Bai H., Zhu J., Xu Y., Effects of soaking time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-NbC/Fe core–shell rod-reinforced cast-iron-matrix composite fabricated through two-step in situ solid-phase diffusion, jmaterrestechnol, 9(6):12308–12317, 2020.
Kutu Sementasyon Tekniğiyle GGG70 Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demir Yüzeyine Kaplanan NbC Tabakasının Özelliklerine Kaplama Sıcaklığın Etkisin İncelenmesi
Öz
Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirler yüksek dökülebilirlik, yüksek mukavemet, titreşimi sönümleme ve yüksek yüklenme kapasitesi ile ön plana çıkmaktadırlar. Günümüz teknolojileriyle beraber malzemelerin yüzey özellikleri çeşitli yöntemlerle kaplanarak geliştirilebilir ve yüksek performanslı mühendislik malzemeleri elde edilebilmektedir. Kutu Sementasyon Tekniği, kaplama yöntemleri arasında nispeten daha düşük maliyeti ve uygulanabilirliği ile tercih sebebidir. Bu çalışmada GGG70 Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demir yüzeyinde 900 °C, 1000 °C ve 1100 °C’de 6 saat süreyle Kutu Sementasyon Tekniği ile yüzeyde NbC kaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen kaplama tabakalarının özelliklerine sıcaklığın etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla örneklerin yüzey morfolojileri incelenmiş, kırılma toklukları ve sertlik değerleri elde edilmiştir. Kaplama morfolojileri XRD, optik mikroskop ve SEM analizleri ile incelenerek kaplama yapısındaki ve kalınlıklarındaki değişimler elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde kaplama sıcaklığının artışı ile kaplama kalınlıklarının arttığı ancak -Fe fazının şiddetinin önce azaldığı ve sonra arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak kaplamalardan alınan kırılma tokluk değerinin önce artıp sonra bir miktar azaldığı görülmüştür. Mikrosertlik değerleri kaplama bölgelerinde yaklaşık 5 kat artmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demir NbC Kaplama Kırılma Tokluğu Mikrosertlik.
Kaynakça
- Cai X., Xu Y., Microstructure, friction and wear of NbC coatings on a Fe substrate fabricated via an in situ reaction, Surface & Coatings Technology, 322, 202–210, 2017.
- Cai X., Xu Y., Zhao N, Zhong L., Zhao Z., Wang J., Investigation of the adhesion strength and deformation behaviour of in situ fabricated NbC coatings by scratch testing, Surface & Coatings Technology, 299, 135–142, 2016.
- Cai X., Xu Y., Zhong L., Zhao N., Yan Y., Kinetics of niobium carbide reinforced composite coating produced in situ, Vacuum, 119, 239-244, 2015b.
- Cai X., Zhong L., Wang J., Shao T., Zhao N., Xu Y., Microstructure and Hardness of NbC Coating Produced in situ, Advanced Materials Research, 1120-1121, 745-745, 2015a.
- Chen L., Li Y., Zhao Z., Zheng Q., Yi D., Li X., Peng J., Sun L., First-principles calculation of the adhesion work, fracture toughness and tensile behavior of the Fe/MCs (M = Nb and Ta) interfaces by two different optimization methods, Chemical Physics, 547, 111193, 2021a.
- Chen L., Yu T., Xu P., Zhang B., in situ NbC reinforced Fe-based coating by laser cladding: Simulation and experiment, Surface & Coatings Technology 412,127027, 2021b.
- Erdoğan A., Investigation of high temperature dry sliding behavior of borided H13 hot work tool steel with nanoboron powder, Surface & Coatings Technology 357, 886–895, 2019.
- Fernandes L.M., Lopes J.C., Volpato R. S., Diniz A.E., Oliveira R.F.M., Aguiar P. R., Mello H. J., Bianchi E.C., Comparative analysis of two CBN grinding wheels performance in nodular cast iron plunge grinding, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 98, 237–249, 2018.
- Günen A., Açıkgöz H. H., Çavdar F, Karahan İ. H., A Response Surface Study on The Grown Behavior and Some Mechanıcal Properties of Niobium Carbide Coatings, Surface Review and Letters, 30(9), 2350058(1-15), 2023a.
- Günen A., Açıkgöz H. H., Karahan İ. H., Niobium Carbide Coatings Grown on Cold Work Tool Steel AISI D3 by Thermomechanical Processing: Characterization, Wear and Corrosion Behaviors, Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 59: 4, 648–670. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2023c.
- Günen A., Açıkgöz H. H., Keddam M., Karahan İ. H., Characterizations and Kinetics of Refractory Niobium Carbide Coatings on AISI D3 Steel, JMEPEG, 32:8972–8980, 2023b.
- Günen A., Soylu B., Karakaş Ö., Titanium carbide coating to improve surface characteristic, wear and corrosion resistance of spheroidal graphite cast irons, Surface & Coatings Technology, 437, 128280, 2022.
- Kan W. H., Albino C, Dias-da-Costa D. Dolman K., Lucey T., Tang X., Chang L., Proust G., Cairney J., Microstructure characterisation and mechanical properties of a functionally-graded NbC/high chromium white cast iron composite, Materials Characterization 136, 196–205, 2018.
- Karaca B. and Şimşir M., The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of Camshaft made of GGG70 Series Spherical Graphite Cast Iron, Acta Physica Polonica A, 135(4), 811-818, 2019.
- Karamış M.B., Yıldızlı K., Surface modification of nodular cast iron: A comparative study on graphite elimination, Materials Science and Engineering A, 527, 5225–5229, 2010.
- Kulka M., Makuch N., Piasecki A., Nanomechanical characterization and fracture toughness of FeB and Fe2B iron borides produced by gas boriding of Armco iron, Surf. Coat. Technol. 325, 515–532, 2017.
- Mariani F. E., Rego G. C., Bonella P. G., Neto A. L., Totten G. E., Casteletti L. C., Wear Resistance of Niobium Carbide Layers Produced on Gray Cast Iron by Thermoreactive Treatments JMEPEG, 29:3516–3522, 2020.
- Megahed H., El-Kashif E., Shash A. Y., Essam M. A., Effect of holding time, thickness and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of compacted graphite cast iron, jmaterrestechnol. 8(1),1188–1196, 2019.
- Okay F., Sert H., Habalı K., Gül F., Effect of TiN Coating by Physical Vapour Deposition on the Wear Behaviour of Austempered Ductile Iron, J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. 25(4), 787-794, 2010.
- Peng S., Xu J., Li Z., Jiang S., Xie Z.H., Munroe P., Electrochemical noise analysis of cavitation erosion corrosion resistance of NbC nanocrystalline coating in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, Surface & Coatings Technology 415, 127133, 2021.
- Zhao N., Xua Y., Fu Y., Mechanical properties of one-step in situ synthesized NbC-Fe composite coating, Surface & Coatings Technology 309, 1105–1110, 2017.
- Zhong L., Wei J., Bai H., Zhu J., Xu Y., Effects of soaking time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-NbC/Fe core–shell rod-reinforced cast-iron-matrix composite fabricated through two-step in situ solid-phase diffusion, jmaterrestechnol, 9(6):12308–12317, 2020.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Üretim Metalurjisi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 25 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 |
