Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 12 - 25, 03.10.2016
Öz
Savaşların ve terör saldırılarının sanat ve
kültür üzerinde önemli etkisi olduğu ve özellikle birinci ve ikinci dünya
savaşları dünya mimarisini ve kent kimliğini olumsuz yönde etkilediği
görülmüştür. Son zamanlarda gerçekleşen terör saldırıları toplumda bazı sosyal
ve kültürel değerlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuş ve bu değerlerin
vurgulanmasına yönelik olarak da anı bahçeleri tasarlanmaya başlanmıştır. Anı
bahçeleri savaş ya da saldırılarda ölenlerin hatıralarını canlı tutmak, arda
kalan savaş ve saldırı izi taşıyan yapıları ve eserleri korumak, kayıp verme
duygusundan kaçınarak yaşananları kayıt altına tutmak ve barışı yaymayı
amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda ele alınan bu çalışmada savaşların ve saldırıların
etkisi ile ortaya çıkan dünyada bilinen anı bahçeleri örnekleri ile bunların
tasarım ilkeleri incelenmiştir.
Analysis of Some Memorial Gardens in Terms of Landscape Design
Principles
Abstract
Wars and terrorist attacks always have
affected cultures and arts of the nations. Especially the first and second
world war has been a negative impact on the world of architecture and urban
identity. Terrorist attacks happened the last decades have triggered some
values in the society and consequently attempt at keeping those values caused
the memorials gardens are created. In this article, it is tried to take a total
look at global art formed by war effects. Furthermore, there are evaluated some
well-known universal memorial gardens to put forward some instructions and
concepts available to the planner and designers of the memorial gardens. In
this context, this study dealt with the effects of wars and attacks occurring
in the world well-known example memories of gardens and their design principles
have been examined.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akpınar, E. (2007). Türkiye’nin Dünya Mirası Listesi’ndeki Yeri Ve Yeni Bir Aday Önerisi. Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 9:81-106.
- Aliağaoğlu, A. (2008). Savaş Alanları Turizmi İçin Tipik Bir Yer: Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Milli Parkı, Milli Folklor Dergisi, 78: 88-92.
- Althaus R. and Rosenbloom A. (2007). Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. Journal of Business Ethics Education. 4: 147-160, DOI: 10.5840/jbee2007416.
- Behbahani, I.H., Pouya, S., Pouya, S. and Demir, S. (2013). Memorial Garden Design with the use of symbolic receptions of the plants, International Conference on Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Sustainable Development, 18-19 December, Tabriz, Iran.
- Bigli, B. (2005). Collection of anonymous martyr memorial cemetery. Master Thesis. Architecture Faculty, Tehran University, Iran.
- Botol, G. (1997). Sociology of war. Scientific and cultural publications book. Tehran, Iran.
- Bruce M.F. and M. (2010). Symbols and signs in the World. Kalhor publication, Tehran, Iran.
- Brody, R. (2012). The Inadequacy of Berlin’s Memorial to the murdered jews of Europe. The New Yorker website, http://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/the-inadequacy-of-berlins-memorial-to-the-murdered-jews-of-europe.
- Doss E. (2002). Death, art and memory in the public sphere: the visual and material culture of grief in contemporary America, Mortality, Vol. 7, No. 1, 63-82.
- Doğaner, S. (2006). Savaş ve Turizm: Troya ve Gelibolu Savaş Alanları, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 46:1-21
- Ilgar, R. (2015). Mabetleşen Bir Mekân: Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Savaş Alanları Turizmi. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, 13(19).
- Gough P. (1998). Memorial gardens as dramaturgical space, Internationa Journal of Heritage Studies, 3:4, 199-214, DOI: 10.1080/13527259808722208.
- Grenzer, E. (2002). The topographies of memory in Berlin: The Neue Wache and the memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 11(1), 93.
- Kaya, O. (2006). Ölüm Turizmi: Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Milli Parkı’nı Ziyaret Eden Turistlerin Ziyaret Motivasyonlarını Anlamaya Yönelik Bir Araştırma ve Sonuçları. Yüksek lisans tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
- Leuci, N. (2015). Waterproofing Challenge: World Trade Center Reflecting Absence Fountains, Interface, 32-38.
- Margolies, J. (2014). Under Glow, A fusion of water and light fort he memorial at ground zero. , landscape architecture magazin. 85-93.
- Mullen, T. (2000). Peace and quiet fill void left by bombing. Columbus Dispatch, 17 April, A8.
- Ouroussoff, N. (2005). A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable.The New York Times. New York, May 9, 2005. pp:1.
- Petrow, A.C. (2005). Memorial to the murdered jew of Europe in Berlin, Journal of Topos, No.50, Callway: Munchen, 2005.
- Pouya, S. (2011). The sacred defense Memorial garden-museum Design. Mater Thesis. Environmental Design, University of Tehran, Iran
- Pouya, S., Pouya, S. and Hedayati, A. (2013). Achieving the basic principles for the memorial garden design with the use of surveying the number of global Memorial Gardens. 7th National Conferences on World Environment Day, 21 May, Tehran University, Iran.pp: 1-9.
- Pouya. S., Behbahani, I.H. and Pouya, S. (2014). The war memorial garden design arts and design studies, Vol.26: 68-76.
- Prince-Gibson, E. (2005). Memorial to Murdered Jews to be Unveiled.The Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem, May 10, 2005. p.6.
- Rybczynski, W. (2004). Less is less: was minimalism the proper design response to commemorate September 11, Journal of Landscape architecture, 94(3): 20-25.
- Simpson, D. (2006). 9/11 the culture of commemoration. Chapter 2: the tower and the memorial: Building, meaning, telling. 21-55. The university of Chicago press, London.
- Shirgir, E. (2005). Environmental designing of memorial garden of Bam earthquake with the aim of qualifyingç Master Thesis for a master's degree in environmental design, University of Tehran, Iran.
- The Irish Landscape Institute. (2009). Omagh Bombing Memoria, Landscape Ireland is the official journal of the Irish Landscape Institute. pp:1-8.
- Veil, S.R., Sellnow, T.L. and Heald, M. (2011). Memorializing crisis: The Oklahoma City national memorial as renewal discourse. Journal of Applied Communication Research. 39(2): 164-183. doi:10.1080/00909882.2011.557390.
- Yeşildağ, B. (2010). Savaş alanları turizmi: Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Milli Parkı örneği, Yüksek lisans tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
- URL-1. Irish national war memorial gardens visitors' guide. Islandbridge, Dublin. http://www.phoenixpark.ie/media/Irish%20War%20Memorial%20Gardens.pdf.
- URL-2. Oklahoma city national memorial and museum. https://oklahomacitynationalmemorial.org/
- URL-3. The omagh bomb memorial or garden of light http://www.omaghbombmemorial.com/
- URL- 4. Şehitler abidesi. http://canakkale2015.gov.tr/tr/100-yil-interaktif-harita/2015/sehitlikler/sehitler-abidesi.
- URL-5. Kanlısırt – Lone Pine mezarlığı ve anıtı. http://www.gallipoli.gov.au/turkish/anzac-battlefield sites-walk/site-8-lone-pine-cemetery.php
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 12 - 25, 03.10.2016
Öz
Kaynakça
- Akpınar, E. (2007). Türkiye’nin Dünya Mirası Listesi’ndeki Yeri Ve Yeni Bir Aday Önerisi. Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 9:81-106.
- Aliağaoğlu, A. (2008). Savaş Alanları Turizmi İçin Tipik Bir Yer: Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Milli Parkı, Milli Folklor Dergisi, 78: 88-92.
- Althaus R. and Rosenbloom A. (2007). Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. Journal of Business Ethics Education. 4: 147-160, DOI: 10.5840/jbee2007416.
- Behbahani, I.H., Pouya, S., Pouya, S. and Demir, S. (2013). Memorial Garden Design with the use of symbolic receptions of the plants, International Conference on Civil Engineering Architecture and Urban Sustainable Development, 18-19 December, Tabriz, Iran.
- Bigli, B. (2005). Collection of anonymous martyr memorial cemetery. Master Thesis. Architecture Faculty, Tehran University, Iran.
- Botol, G. (1997). Sociology of war. Scientific and cultural publications book. Tehran, Iran.
- Bruce M.F. and M. (2010). Symbols and signs in the World. Kalhor publication, Tehran, Iran.
- Brody, R. (2012). The Inadequacy of Berlin’s Memorial to the murdered jews of Europe. The New Yorker website, http://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/the-inadequacy-of-berlins-memorial-to-the-murdered-jews-of-europe.
- Doss E. (2002). Death, art and memory in the public sphere: the visual and material culture of grief in contemporary America, Mortality, Vol. 7, No. 1, 63-82.
- Doğaner, S. (2006). Savaş ve Turizm: Troya ve Gelibolu Savaş Alanları, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 46:1-21
- Ilgar, R. (2015). Mabetleşen Bir Mekân: Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Savaş Alanları Turizmi. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, 13(19).
- Gough P. (1998). Memorial gardens as dramaturgical space, Internationa Journal of Heritage Studies, 3:4, 199-214, DOI: 10.1080/13527259808722208.
- Grenzer, E. (2002). The topographies of memory in Berlin: The Neue Wache and the memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 11(1), 93.
- Kaya, O. (2006). Ölüm Turizmi: Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Milli Parkı’nı Ziyaret Eden Turistlerin Ziyaret Motivasyonlarını Anlamaya Yönelik Bir Araştırma ve Sonuçları. Yüksek lisans tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
- Leuci, N. (2015). Waterproofing Challenge: World Trade Center Reflecting Absence Fountains, Interface, 32-38.
- Margolies, J. (2014). Under Glow, A fusion of water and light fort he memorial at ground zero. , landscape architecture magazin. 85-93.
- Mullen, T. (2000). Peace and quiet fill void left by bombing. Columbus Dispatch, 17 April, A8.
- Ouroussoff, N. (2005). A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable.The New York Times. New York, May 9, 2005. pp:1.
- Petrow, A.C. (2005). Memorial to the murdered jew of Europe in Berlin, Journal of Topos, No.50, Callway: Munchen, 2005.
- Pouya, S. (2011). The sacred defense Memorial garden-museum Design. Mater Thesis. Environmental Design, University of Tehran, Iran
- Pouya, S., Pouya, S. and Hedayati, A. (2013). Achieving the basic principles for the memorial garden design with the use of surveying the number of global Memorial Gardens. 7th National Conferences on World Environment Day, 21 May, Tehran University, Iran.pp: 1-9.
- Pouya. S., Behbahani, I.H. and Pouya, S. (2014). The war memorial garden design arts and design studies, Vol.26: 68-76.
- Prince-Gibson, E. (2005). Memorial to Murdered Jews to be Unveiled.The Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem, May 10, 2005. p.6.
- Rybczynski, W. (2004). Less is less: was minimalism the proper design response to commemorate September 11, Journal of Landscape architecture, 94(3): 20-25.
- Simpson, D. (2006). 9/11 the culture of commemoration. Chapter 2: the tower and the memorial: Building, meaning, telling. 21-55. The university of Chicago press, London.
- Shirgir, E. (2005). Environmental designing of memorial garden of Bam earthquake with the aim of qualifyingç Master Thesis for a master's degree in environmental design, University of Tehran, Iran.
- The Irish Landscape Institute. (2009). Omagh Bombing Memoria, Landscape Ireland is the official journal of the Irish Landscape Institute. pp:1-8.
- Veil, S.R., Sellnow, T.L. and Heald, M. (2011). Memorializing crisis: The Oklahoma City national memorial as renewal discourse. Journal of Applied Communication Research. 39(2): 164-183. doi:10.1080/00909882.2011.557390.
- Yeşildağ, B. (2010). Savaş alanları turizmi: Gelibolu Yarımadası Tarihi Milli Parkı örneği, Yüksek lisans tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
- URL-1. Irish national war memorial gardens visitors' guide. Islandbridge, Dublin. http://www.phoenixpark.ie/media/Irish%20War%20Memorial%20Gardens.pdf.
- URL-2. Oklahoma city national memorial and museum. https://oklahomacitynationalmemorial.org/
- URL-3. The omagh bomb memorial or garden of light http://www.omaghbombmemorial.com/
- URL- 4. Şehitler abidesi. http://canakkale2015.gov.tr/tr/100-yil-interaktif-harita/2015/sehitlikler/sehitler-abidesi.
- URL-5. Kanlısırt – Lone Pine mezarlığı ve anıtı. http://www.gallipoli.gov.au/turkish/anzac-battlefield sites-walk/site-8-lone-pine-cemetery.php
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Konular | Mühendislik |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 3 Ekim 2016 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1 |
