Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı orijinal adı “Talent Development Environment Questionnaire for Sport” olan ölçeğin Türkçe’ye uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği Cronbach Alfa katsayısı, madde korelasyon analizi ve madde fark analizi ile ölçülmüş, birleşik güvenirlik (CR) ölçümleriyle desteklenmiştir. Geçerlik için ise açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yapılmış, ayrıca yakınsak geçerlik (AVE) değerlerine bakılmıştır. Ölçeğin normallik dağılımını sınamak için basıklık, çarpıklık değerleri hesaplanmış, faktörler arasındaki ilişkiyi sınamak için Pearson korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirlik katsayısı α=.721 olarak bulunmuştur. CR değerleri 0.79-0.89 arasında bulunmuştur. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi neticesinde ölçeğin beş alt boyuttan oluştuğu ve yeterli faktör yükü taşıdığı görülmüştür. AVE değerleri 0.49–0.67 arasında bulunmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre uyum indeksleri x2/sd 1.72, RMSEA 0.035, GFI 0.95, NFI 0.92, CFI 0.96, RMR 0.03 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan güvenirlik analizi sonuçları ölçeğin güvenilir olduğunu, madde fark analizi ve madde kolerasyon analizi ölçeğin zamana göre değişmez ve tutarlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçeğin orijinal faktör yapısını koruduğu ancak BKH faktörüne ait üç maddenin yeterli faktör yükünü taşımadığı görülmüş ve ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen 22 maddelik ve 5 alt boyutlu ölçek uyarlanmış ve Türkçe kullanıma uygun bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abbott, A., Collins, D. (2002). A theoretical and empirical analysis of a ‘state of the art’ talent identification model. High Ability Studies. 13(2). 157-78.
- Aksakoğlu, H. (2013). Ticaret Meslek Liselerinde Verilen Muhasebe Eğitiminin Muhasebecilik Mesleğine Uygunluğu: Bursa İli Örneği. Zonguldak: Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Bompa, T.O. (1999). Periodization. Theory and methodology of training. 4th ed. Champaign, IL. Human Kinetics.
- Bompa, T.O. (2009). Antrenman kuramı ve yöntemi. Ankara: Spor.
- Browne, M.W., Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Testing structural equation models. Eds: Bollen, K.A. and Long, J.S. Newbury, CA: Sage. 132-162.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 32(32). 470-483.
- Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., Jones, G. (2010). The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. Sport Psychol. 24(2). 168–93.
- Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behaviour. New York, USA: Plenum.
- Ericsson, K.A., Krampe, R.T., Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance. Psychological Review. 100. 363-406.
- Fornell, C., Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1). 39-50.
- George, D., Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 17.0 update. Boston: Pearson.
- Gould, D., Collins, K., Lauer, L. (2007). Coaching life skills through football: a study of award winning high school coaches. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 19(1). 16–37. doi:10.1080/ 10413200601113786.
- Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. J. Appl. Sport. Psychol. 14(3). 172–204. doi:10.1080/ 10413200290103482.
- Gözüm S, Aksayan S (2002). Kültürlerarasi ölçek uyarlaması için rehber II: Psikometrik özellikler ve kültürlerarası karşılaştırma. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 4 (2): 9-20.
- Gucciardi, D.F., Gordon, S., Dimmock, J.A. (2009). Understanding the coach’s role in the development of mental toughness: perspectives of elite Australian football coaches. J. Sports. Sci. 27(13). 1483–96. doi:10.1080/02640410903150475
- Gullich, A., Emrich, E. (2006). Evaluation of the support of young athletes in the elite sports system. Eur J Sport Soc. 2. 85–108.
- Hair, J., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. (Seventh Ed). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.
- Holt, NL., Dunn, JG. (2004). Toward a grounded theory of the psychosocial competencies and environmental conditions associated with soccer success. Journal of applied sport psychology. 16(3). 199-219.
- Howe, M.J.A., Davidson, J.W., Sloboda, J.A. (1998). Innate talents: Reality or myth? Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 21. 399-442.
- Hu, L., Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 6. 1-55.
- Kline, R.B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
- Li, C., Wang, C.K.J., Pyun, D.Y., Martindale, R. (2015). Further development of the talent development environment questionnaire for sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33, 1831-1843. doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1014
- Martindale, R. J., Collins, D., Daubney, J. (2005). Talent development: A guide for practice and research within sport. 57(4). 353-375.
- Martindale, R.J.J., Collins, D., Abraham, A. (2007). Effective talent development: the elite coach perspective in UK sport. J. Appl. Sport. Psychol. 19(2). 187–206. doi:10.1080/1041320070118 8944.
- Muratlı, S. (2003). Çocuk ve spor antrenman bilimi yaklaşımıyla. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
- Özdamar K (2004). Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi I. 5. Baskı, Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
- Özdamar, K. (2011). Paket Programlar İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi-1. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
- Rees, T., Freeman, P., Bell, S. (2012). Three generalizability studies of the components of perceived coach support. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 34(2). 238–51.
- Rees, T., Salvatore, J., Coffee, P. (2013). Reversing downward performance spirals. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 49(3). 400–3. doi:10. 1016/J.Jesp.2012.12.013.
- Starkes, J.L., Deakin, J., Allard, F. Hodges, N.J., Hayes, A. (1996). Deliberate Practice in Sports: What is it Anyway? In Ericsson, K. A. (Ed.). The Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert performance in the Arts and Sciences. Sports and Games. 81-106.
- Thomas, P.K., Murphy, S.M., Hardy, L. (1999). Test of performance strategies: development and preliminary validation of a comprehensive measure of athletes’ psychological skills. Journal of Sports Sciences. 17. 697–711.
- Ward, P., Hodges, N.J., Williams, A.M., Starkes, J.L. (2004). Deliberate Practice and Expert Performance. In Williams, A. M., & Hodges, N. J. (Eds.), Skill Acquisition in Sport.
Öz
The aim of this research is to adapt the scale, whose original name is "Talent Development Environment Questionnaire for Sport", into Turkish and to study its validity and reliability. The reliability of the scale was measured by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, item correlation analysis and item difference analysis, and was supported by composite reliability (CR) measurements. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for validity, and average variance extracted (AVE) values were also checked. In order to test the normality distribution of the scale, kurtosis and skewness values were calculated, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to test the relationship between the factors. The reliability coefficient of the scale was found as α=.721. CR values were found between 0.79-0.89. As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was seen that the scale consisted of five sub-dimensions and had sufficient factor load. AVE values were found to be between 0.49-0.67. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results, the fit indices were found as x2/sd 1.72, RMSEA 0.035, GFI 0.95, NFI 0.92, CFI 0.96, RMR 0.03. Reliability analysis results show that the scale is reliable, item difference analysis and item correlation analysis show that the scale does not change over time and is consistent. It was observed that the scale preserved its original factor structure, but three items belonging to the HQP factor did not carry sufficient factor load and were removed from the scale. The resulting 22-item and 5 sub-dimension scale was adapted and found suitable for use in Turkish.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abbott, A., Collins, D. (2002). A theoretical and empirical analysis of a ‘state of the art’ talent identification model. High Ability Studies. 13(2). 157-78.
- Aksakoğlu, H. (2013). Ticaret Meslek Liselerinde Verilen Muhasebe Eğitiminin Muhasebecilik Mesleğine Uygunluğu: Bursa İli Örneği. Zonguldak: Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Bompa, T.O. (1999). Periodization. Theory and methodology of training. 4th ed. Champaign, IL. Human Kinetics.
- Bompa, T.O. (2009). Antrenman kuramı ve yöntemi. Ankara: Spor.
- Browne, M.W., Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Testing structural equation models. Eds: Bollen, K.A. and Long, J.S. Newbury, CA: Sage. 132-162.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 32(32). 470-483.
- Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., Jones, G. (2010). The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. Sport Psychol. 24(2). 168–93.
- Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behaviour. New York, USA: Plenum.
- Ericsson, K.A., Krampe, R.T., Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance. Psychological Review. 100. 363-406.
- Fornell, C., Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1). 39-50.
- George, D., Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 17.0 update. Boston: Pearson.
- Gould, D., Collins, K., Lauer, L. (2007). Coaching life skills through football: a study of award winning high school coaches. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 19(1). 16–37. doi:10.1080/ 10413200601113786.
- Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. J. Appl. Sport. Psychol. 14(3). 172–204. doi:10.1080/ 10413200290103482.
- Gözüm S, Aksayan S (2002). Kültürlerarasi ölçek uyarlaması için rehber II: Psikometrik özellikler ve kültürlerarası karşılaştırma. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 4 (2): 9-20.
- Gucciardi, D.F., Gordon, S., Dimmock, J.A. (2009). Understanding the coach’s role in the development of mental toughness: perspectives of elite Australian football coaches. J. Sports. Sci. 27(13). 1483–96. doi:10.1080/02640410903150475
- Gullich, A., Emrich, E. (2006). Evaluation of the support of young athletes in the elite sports system. Eur J Sport Soc. 2. 85–108.
- Hair, J., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. (Seventh Ed). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.
- Holt, NL., Dunn, JG. (2004). Toward a grounded theory of the psychosocial competencies and environmental conditions associated with soccer success. Journal of applied sport psychology. 16(3). 199-219.
- Howe, M.J.A., Davidson, J.W., Sloboda, J.A. (1998). Innate talents: Reality or myth? Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 21. 399-442.
- Hu, L., Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 6. 1-55.
- Kline, R.B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
- Li, C., Wang, C.K.J., Pyun, D.Y., Martindale, R. (2015). Further development of the talent development environment questionnaire for sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33, 1831-1843. doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1014
- Martindale, R. J., Collins, D., Daubney, J. (2005). Talent development: A guide for practice and research within sport. 57(4). 353-375.
- Martindale, R.J.J., Collins, D., Abraham, A. (2007). Effective talent development: the elite coach perspective in UK sport. J. Appl. Sport. Psychol. 19(2). 187–206. doi:10.1080/1041320070118 8944.
- Muratlı, S. (2003). Çocuk ve spor antrenman bilimi yaklaşımıyla. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
- Özdamar K (2004). Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi I. 5. Baskı, Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
- Özdamar, K. (2011). Paket Programlar İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi-1. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
- Rees, T., Freeman, P., Bell, S. (2012). Three generalizability studies of the components of perceived coach support. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 34(2). 238–51.
- Rees, T., Salvatore, J., Coffee, P. (2013). Reversing downward performance spirals. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 49(3). 400–3. doi:10. 1016/J.Jesp.2012.12.013.
- Starkes, J.L., Deakin, J., Allard, F. Hodges, N.J., Hayes, A. (1996). Deliberate Practice in Sports: What is it Anyway? In Ericsson, K. A. (Ed.). The Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert performance in the Arts and Sciences. Sports and Games. 81-106.
- Thomas, P.K., Murphy, S.M., Hardy, L. (1999). Test of performance strategies: development and preliminary validation of a comprehensive measure of athletes’ psychological skills. Journal of Sports Sciences. 17. 697–711.
- Ward, P., Hodges, N.J., Williams, A.M., Starkes, J.L. (2004). Deliberate Practice and Expert Performance. In Williams, A. M., & Hodges, N. J. (Eds.), Skill Acquisition in Sport.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3 |